92   Report of Wisconsin Dairy and Food Commissioner


victions, one against Mr. M. L. Treichel for the manufacture of and
one against Mr. A. C. Treichel for the sale of skim milk cheese of
dimensions other than those required by law. In the second complaint
investigated, which investigation started In May, 1923, and was con-
tinued at various times until the trial of Mr. Jacob Thielmann of
Chilton in May. 1924, a Jury in the circuit court, after hearing the
evidence, were unable to agree, so the trial resulted In neither a con-
viction nor an acquittal of the defendant.
Milk and Cream
A total of one thousand, one hundred thirteen samples of milk were
analyzed as compared with eight hundred fifty-one samples for the pre-
vious two years. The number of submitted samples Is smaller than
for the preceding two years, thus indicating a greater activity on the
part of the inspectors in milk work. Samples of milk may be col-
lected wherever milk is produced, offered for sale, furnished or deliv-
ered, or had In possession with Intent to sell, offer for sale or deliver
to any creamery, cheese factory, condensery, corporation or person, and
It is every part of this field covered by the law relating to adulterated
milk that our inspectors cover. A comparison of the tabulated results
of analyses under the various headings may show one of several things
and like in all cases, unless all of the facts are taken into considera-
tion in comparisons of this kind, erroneous conclusions may be drawn.
In connection with milk work, the following quotation from the report
of Honorable H. C. Adams, a former Dairy and Food Commissioner,
seems especially appropriate: "Dishonesty cannot be eliminated by
law, but dishonesty can be made to suffer the penalties Imposed by
law." The adulteration of milk is but one of the forms of dishonesty
responsible for dairy laws and undoubtedly because of the difficulty
of securing proof of the addition of water to milk or the removal of
fat from milk in the earlier history of dairying, the dishonest person
felt a certain degree of security. From time to time additional meth-
ods have been improvised for the detection of added water to milk or
the removal of milk fat. Yet, we find in the reports of the dairy and
food commissioner, year after year, the reports of a large number of
samples of milk collected and analyzed and a large percentage of those
collected reported as adulterated. If it were possible, as former Com-
missioner Adams has said it is impossible to do, namely, to make
people honest by law, then certainly we should find from year to
year a smaller number of adulterated milk samples reported and a
smaller number of prosecutions resulting from the analytical work on
those samples. It is true that from time to time there are changes in
the ownership of the dairy farms upon which milk is produced, the
older generation giving way to the new, the addition of foreigners and
those lacking experience to the ranks of the producers, all tending
toward a continuance of the evil of adulterated milk. Thus it becomes
apparent that the energies of the dairy and food commission must con-
tinue to direct its attention toward the evil of adulterated milk with
the hope of maintaining it at the lowest possible level. It is of interest