McCARRAN ACT OF 1950 | 901

States policies and programs in the conduct of United States. foreign
relations has naturally been. most severe in those countries where
totalitarianism other than communism formerly existed or now exists:
Austria, Germany, Italy, and Spain, Virtually all citizens of Austria,
Germany and Italy born before World War II belonged at least
nominally to the Nazi or Fascist Party or to.one or more of their
subsidiaries. In these countries, such membership | was necessary to
an education and to earning a living. These peoples have, with our
encouragement, consistently demonstrated that they are our friends
and allies, confronted with a common danger. Their indiscriminate
classification with our real enemies, the Communists, threatens the
whole fabric of our policies and objectives, including the primary ob-
jective of assuring the security of the United States.

_ The operation of the Act has interfered with our economic policies
and programs by interrupting and making it extremely difficult to
resume valuable and necessary travel of business men and commercial
representatives. Mutually advantageous trade between the United
States and the countries concerned has been impaired. 7

Emigration from Italy to the United States, which is of vital |
importance not only politically but as a part of the Ttalian recovery
effort, has been drastically curtailed. This curtailment, which has also
affected Germans and Austrians seeking to enter under the regular
quotas, has also affected morale i in United States Armed Forces in
Germany, Austria, and Trieste owing to the fact that the military
authorities will not permit military personnel to marry aliens who
are inadmissible to the United States for permanent residence.

Our military policies and programs, with particular regard to the
exchange of soldier and officer trainees, have not thus far been seriously
affected, since persons coming to the United States under these pro-
grams can come on government official (3) (1) visas.®
- Our information and cultural programs in Austria, Germany, and
Italy have been drastically affected. Notwithstanding the special
procedures available to secure the entry of otherwise excludable
persons under these programs, the psychological effect on potential
exchangees of going through with such procedures is adverse and con-
tradictory to the purposes of the programs.

As regards Spain, application of the Act will further isolate that
country, in contradiction to our national policy of attempting to
encourage more liberal policies there, to permit gradual integration
of Spain into the community of Western European nations.

*This refers to Section 8 of the Immigration Act of 1924, 43 Stat. 153, “For
a brief discussion of Section 3, see memorandum by Raymond T. Yingling of
the Legal Adviser’s Staff to the Chief of the Visa Division (L'Heureux), April 19,
1950, vol. 11, p. 49.

496—-362—77——_58