458


FOREIGN RELATIONS, 1950 )VOLUME I


and Middle East and Latin America are now considered to require
urgent attention. Only eight nations, for the most part in the Western
Hemisphere, are now considered to require no special attention. The
remainder fall into categories between these two.
   9. The Target Groups. The groups and individuals deemed to have
the greatest influence in these areas vary with prevailing political
institutions, social forms, cultural traditions and educational levels.
Where governmental power is largely controlled and transmitted by
authoritarian devices, intellectuals and governmental officials con-
stitute the most important targets. In areas in which political power
has passed largely under popular control, these groups are still im-
portant for the influence, disproportionate to their numbers, that
they wield in the press, the universities and the council chambers.
At the other extreme, the power and influence, if only passive, of
the peasantry and the urban proletariat, even in areas where illiteracy
is high and popular government does not exist, must be taken into,
account. A given population will most effectively and most practically
be reached through concentration on those elements broadly repre-
sentative of it. Labor and youth are groups newly emerging in power
and influence in many areas; they are also groups whose attitude may
determine the character of national action in a time of crisis. They
therefore have a special importance, and they represent roughly half
of the groups on which especial effort is to be concentrated in all areas.
  10. The Choice of Methods and Techniques. 'The sharp definition
of the target areas and target groups calls for equally sharp focusing
of the available media-radio, press and publications, motion pictures,
books and other cultural materials and the exchange of persons-on
those targets.
  Because radio broadcasting, despite jamming, is the only medium
now capable of reaching large audiences inside the Iron Curtain, the
rapid construction of relay and transmitting facilities enabling broad-
casts to be heard on medium as well as shortwave i's essential. In
order to reach important ,segments of the population in critical areasl
broadcasting languages will be increased to include tongues a-nd dia-
lects prevalent in the Soviet Union and Central Asia,. In addition,_
small low-cost receiving sets are to, be distributed by appropriate
agencies behind the Iron Curtain and in areas outside it, notably
Korea, where sets ,are few.
  The full potentialities of other media will be similarly developed.
Emphasis in the field of publications will fall ,on the production of
leaflets, pamphlets, picture books and magazines specifically designed
to appeal ,to youth, labor, community leaders and intellectuals. Film-
strips, posters iand pictorial exhibits land displays will be directed at