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:ns to be nothing but a thick Sulphur agitated,
Elemental Fire ; fo as the, Fire is driven with
on around the revolving Particles of the Sdl.
?LAME.
is to be produced, when Fire and Sulphur can-
to a Flame; being a fort of Coal, confifling of
3ur, and an attenuated Oil with Earth and Salt.
ems to be the combuffible Matter, when it be-
elinquilh'd by the Elemental Fire: For, if this
fterwards pafs'd thro' a Flame, it will it felf
ie, as before. See SMOAE.
(lbes are the Earth, and Salt; which the Fire
:h'd. See ASiiES.
y be diffinguifh'd into Shining, and not Shining:
ere is Fire which does not emit Light, is evi-
that a piece of Iron taken out of the Fire,
red hot, Jhall yet give Fire to Sulphur.
'ire again may be fubdivided into two Kinds:
-warms, as red hot Iron; and that which does
as tha t obhfrv -d in -utri Pifkis. rotten Woodl.


ec. The Oil whereof beginning to be agitated, and atte-
nuated, produces Light, without any Heat, fo far as the
Thermometer may be a Judge.
Of Shining, and at the fame time Warming Fires, the
principal is that of the Sun, as it is called; tho', whether the
re be. really emitted from the Body of the Sun ; or whether
itbe -only the common, vague, univerral Fire, determin'd
by the Sun, is not eafy to fay. This Fire we more ufual-
ly confider undr the Denomination of Light. See SUN,
and LIGHT.
This Solar Fire, in calcining certain Bodies, makes fome
Addition to the Weight thereof.
. Thus, Antimony expofed in the Focus of a Burning
Glagfs, will froak a confiderable Time; and the greatent
Part of it efem to evaporate in Fumes: But, if tried by the
Balance, it will be found to have gain'd in Weight. And
if it be again applied in the Focus of a larger Glafs, it will
again emit Fumes; and yet fill be increafed in Weight.
Befide the Solar, there is likewife a Subterraneons Fire.
This appears in digging under Ground: For the firif
Glebe, next to the Surface, is warm'd by the Heat of the
Sun; and as you go deeper, you will find it colder; whence
in hot Countries they have Confervatories of Ice at fome
Depth under Ground: Till, arriving at a certain Depth, viz.
forty or fifty Foot, it begins to grow warmer; fo as no Ice
can there fubfifl: And at a yet greater Depth, 'tis fo hot, as
tp take away Refpiration, extinguifh Candles, Fec. And if
the Miner will venture further, and carry a Candle along
with him. he frequently fets the whole Place in a Flame,


fulphurous Fumnes render'd volatile, by the fubterraneous
e, catching Flame from the Candle.
Vhence it appears, that there is another Source of Fire,
nother Sun, in the Bofom of the Earth, which gives Mo-
and Life to every thing growing in, or upon the Globe;


ar te tentre OT tne Earth is mere Fire: which
rife argued to be perpetual from Vulcano's or
intains, which have been known to caft up Fire,
liefi Account of Times. See VULCANO.
two great Fires therefore, the Higher, or So-
lower, or fubterraneous; in every other refpe6a
ke. See SUBTERRANEAN, CENTRAL, SO-
Chymifiry, is the great Infirument, by which
Operations of that Art are perform'd. See CHY-
Degree, Direaflon, &c. of Fire are Things
is principully to attend to. The Diverfity of
L zreat Diffhrence in the Refult of the Experi-
the fame Effe&, e. gr. [hall not arife, if an
be made with the Fire of Spirit of Wine, and
ial.
s Caufe, Mr. Boyle, in his Treatife of the un-
iure of Experiments, attributes it, that a great
ments fuccefsfully tried by fome, have not fuc-
hers.
chiefly required by the Chymifrs, are fiuch as
es, or Remains; no Salt, or Smoak: And fuch
fe of the Sun, and of Spirit of Wine. Thofe
iext in Purity, are Oils diflilled per Veficam;
eir Earth and Salt, by their Boyling and Agi-
Water; fo that the oftener the Diftillation is
purer they are render'd: After there come
e very Manner wherein the Fire is blown, is
fome Effe&r Thus, Acrfta, lib. 4. C. 5. relates,
when they would melt and feparate theirSil-
Earth, ße. if the Fire be blown up with Bel
on will not fuseed : Nor will any other 'Fire
lown by the Wind raifed from the Fall of fome
hat they are fimqd to have Recourfe to large
the Feet of large Mountains, or Cataral.d to


convey the Wind generated by the Fall of Wdtdr fo fhicr
Works,
The!Degre of Fire; or the Collecaion and Direaidon o
Fire, to the Degree proper for each Operation, is alm oft the
Whole of Chymiftry: For the Fire, e.gr, requisite to melt
Metals, is by no means proper for the Diflillng of Spirit of
Wine.
Now, the greater or lefs Force of Fire depends altoge-
ther on a greater or lefs Qugntity thereof colllcted into a
Focus: For, as to its Motion, it does not 1emrn in our Power
to alter it- or to make any Increafe or Diminution of the
Force of the Fire on that account.
The Chymifis ufe four principal Degrees of Fire in their
Operations,
The Firfi is equal to the natural Heat of the human Bo-
dy; or rather that of a Hen, hatching her Eggs; which is
the Standard : And accordingly this A&rfl Degree is bell mea-
fured by applying aThermometer to a Hen; and lorne thy-
mills, by keeping a Fire continually to this Degree, by means
of a Thermometer, have hatch'd Chickens.
By this Degree all their Digeflions, eafy Separations and
Solutions, gentle Diffillations, with all Fermentations and
Putrifaffions are perform'd. See DIGESTIoN, DISTILLA-
TION, C.
The Second Degree of Fire is that which gives a Man
Pain, but does not defiroy, or confume the Parts: Like the
Heat of a Scorching Summers Sun, which chafes and in-
flames the Skin; and even fometiines raifes Bliflerg.
It is ufed in making Separations of the more ponderous
Bodies, which the fire Degree is not equal to; as alfo in
fome Fixations, particularly that of Mercury, which is ren-
der'd fix'd by a gradual Introdudftion of fuch Fire among the
Parts of the Mercury.
It makes the Serum of the Blood, and White of an Egg
coalefce, and fo occalions deadly Inflammations; and is too
intenfe for any Digeflion, Putrifadion, or Fermentation to be
effebied by it.
The Third Degree of Fire is that of boiling Water, which
Separates and dellroys the Parts of Bodies. This Degree
is perfe&ly flable; for Water, when once it boils, is at its
utmoil Degree of Heat, and cannot be rais'd a whit further,
by any Augmentation of Fire, or Fuel; as was firfe obferv'd
by Monf. Amontons.
This Degree ferves to attenuate, eparate fix, and perform
other Operations, where the two former would not be ef.
feaual.
The Fourth D7egree'is that which melts Metals, and da-
firoys every thing elfe.
This Degree is too vehement to be eftimated by the Ther-
mometer; that Inftrument not being able to endure it -o
that it is only determinable by its EfEta in the Fution of
Metals: As the Heat of boiling Water cannot be increafed,
fo neither can that of melted Metals.
This Degree is ufed in abundance of Operations, and par-
ticularly about Minerals, where the three preceding Degrees
are infufficient. This is the laW Degree known to the anti-.
ent Chymiffs.
The lateff Chymifls reckon a Fifth fDegree of Fire. viz,
that where by Gold is made to emit Fumes, and evaporate.
This was firft difcover'd in the Year i690, by Mr. 'ijcbirn-
hauifen, whofe Burning Glafs render'd every thing, even
Gold it felf volatile. See VOLATILITY, BURNING GLASS,
GOLD, FeC
Befide thefe five Degrees, the Chymifls have feveral in-
termediate ones; all which however may be eafily reduc'd
to the former.
. As., the digefling Fire, or Venter Equi, which is the Heat
of a Dunghil.
The Bahveum Marie, Arenofum, &c. explain'd under
the Article BALKEl1M..
The Naked, or Inmmediate Fire, which is the common
Fire applied under a Veffel.
The Fire of a Lamp, which is moderate and equal, an
may be increased by tlte Addition of more Wick; ufed by
Enamellers, &eTc.
'rhe Wheel Fire, which is lighted all round a Crucible, or
other Veflfel, to heat it all alike.
That called by Suipprtltion, which is when the Veffiel is
not only encompafs'd round, but cover'd over with Fire.
The Reverberatory Fire, when it is in a Furnace clofe
a-top, by which the kire is refleed back, and all around
upon the Vefrl. , See REVERFERATORY-
Te Melting, or ,   g  Fire, for the Solution and Calci-
nation of Metals and Minerals. See FusIoN.
The Glafs-bon  Frs, for the Vitrifying of the Afies of
VregetabJes. SeeiGAS.-
And the Olympick Fire, which is that of the Sun colleaed
in the Focus of a burning Mirror, Fec.
To the feveral Degrees of Fire required, feveral Aorpd
of Furnaces are acconodawd; which lee under the Atice
FuatIA CZ.
There are five principal ways of aiterind :h  rowek w
.Firc,               * K                          For


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