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(0t30)


ROO0


Sometimea Squre, that is, the Angle df the  idge, is Rigt
Angle; which, therefore, is a mean Proportional between the.
poinrtoand
Flat-RWf which is in the Plane Proportion as a triangular Pe-
diment.   See PEDIMENT.-'This is chiefly &rariced in Valy,
and the hot 'Countries, where little Snow fal.
Sometimes the Roof is in the li'nacle Form. See PINNACLE.
Sometimes it has a double Ridge.-Somenties 'tis cut, or mati-
lated, that is, confifis of a true and afalfe Rof, which is laid o-
ver the former: This laft is particularly call'd a Manfard, -from
its Inventor M. Manfard, a famous Frendo Archiced.
Sometimes 'tis in Form of a Platform; as in moft of the Ea-
flern Building. See PLATFORM.
Sometimes 'tis truncated; that is, inifead of terminating -in a
Ridge or Angle, 'tis cut fquare off at a certain Heighth, and co-
ver'd with a Terrafs, and fometimes incompaffed with Balluffrade,
See TERRASS.
Sometimes 'tis in Manner of a Dome, that is, its Plan Square,
and the Contour Circular. See DOME, CUPOLA, &c.
Sometimes it is round, that is, the Plan is Round or Oval, and
the Profile a diredt Defcent.-Sometimes the Bafe being very large,
'tis cut off to diminifh its Heighth, and cover'd with a Terrafs of
Lead, rais'd a little in the middle, with Sky-Lights from Space
to Space, to give Light to foome Corridor, or other intermediate
Pieces, which without fuch an Expedient would be too dark.
See HOUSE, &C.
RooF-Tree;, or RUFF-.rees, are the Timbers in a Ship which
go from the Half-Deck to the Fore Cafle.
The Term is alfo ufed for the upper Timbers of any Build-
ing; whence in the Northern Counties, it is common to fignify
a whole Family, by faying, all under fuch a one's Roof!-lee.
ROOM, in Building.-See BUILDING, HOUSE, PARTITI-
ON, APARTMENT, DISTRIBUTION, CHAMBER, &C.
ROOMER, in the Sea Language, a Ship is faid to be a
Roomer, when ihe is larger than ordinary. See SHIP, VESSEL, &C.
ROOT, RADIX, in Botany, that Part of a Plant which im-
mediately imbibes the Juices of the Earth, aud tranfmits them
to the other Parts, for their Nutrition. SeeNUTRITION,PLANT,
VEGETABLE, &C.
IThe Root confiffs of woody Fibres, cover'd with a Bark,
more or lefs thick.-It arifes from a little Point in the Seed, call'd
the Radicle. See RADICLE.
'Tis no fmall difficulty to conceive how the Root fhould always
get downwards, and turn up the Stem perpendicularly; confi-
dering that in the fowing of Plants the Radicle muff frequently
happen to be upwards, and the Plumule downwards. See SEED,
SEMINATION, PERPENDICULARITY, &c.
'Tis always found in the Ground in terreitrial Plants, except in
a very few Cafcs: The Ivy and Cufcuta, being perhaps. the only
Plants where Part of the Root lies bare.
The Root in Plants has been obferv'd to do the, Office of the
Stomach in Animals; that is, to make the firft and principal'Pre-
paration of the nutritious Matter.-M. Reneame fhews that the Root
does the Office of all the Parts in the Belly of Animals defined for
Nutrition; it being the Root that receives the Nourifhment,
that prepares it, digefts it, alters and changes it into Sap, to be
afterwards diftributed to all the Parts.  See SAP.
The fmall Colour, and even Tafte, fhew how considerable an
Alteration the Juices undergo in the Root; fo that the Root may
be laid down as the Principle of Vegetation.   See VEGE-
TATION.
Plants growing at the Bottom of the Sea have this peculiar to
them, that they have no Roots; at leaft the Parts which do the
Office of Roots have nothing of the ufual Figure thereof.-Thefe
Plants are ufually faftened to fome folid Body; adhering to it by
a very fmooth polifh'd Lamina, which does not fend forth any
Fibre. Add to this, that the Body to which they adhere, being i
frequently a Rock or Flint, appears very unfit to feed them, in
Cae they had Roots. M. T'urxefort, therefore, conjectures that they
are fed by a Juice afforded them by the thick oily Mud at the
Bottom of the Sea, which they receive by the Pores of the ex-
terior Surface of the Lamna-.
Boerhaave obferves, that the Root may have any Situation at
Pleasure, with refpedt to the Body of the Plant, nor needs to be
either loweft or higheft.-Accordingly in Aloes, Coral, Moffes, 4
Fungus's, &c. the Root is frequently uppertnof, and its Growth
downwards. See CORAL, MOSS, FUNGUS &c.
Roots are divided by Botanifts into ltQ. Fibrous, which fend out i
only inall Strings from the Bottom of the Plant, diftindt from
acn other.                                               t
20. More   tkic  ad groft, which have a Body Thick and I
Grofs, eithcr branched out into Subdiviflon or Arms; or elfe
fending our Fibres from it all along.
Thefe laft are either Carnous. which again are either    I
{I. Broaadand Swellings or  -
2. -Long and Slender, which are commonly harder and more
Woody.


hame Broadaid S*llig are,
I    f  I. BA  d40 which confift dut of one Globe or etd.
j     and Cind out Fibres from the Bottom, and are
E~~~fthers
I    (Sq**mWo/ or Scaly, as Liiefs or Mar,
I   iCoaed, which are involved in Skins or tQas', as
(. Cepa, Hyacinthtos, Allimm, &c.
{     . 2. 2'uberour, which are of a carnous, folid and con-
I     tinued Confiftence, and there either,
I  r   C Simple, with'but one Globe or Head) as Ra-
I . < paz Crocus, &c.
I- (,z'. Manofld, as AJIkdelms, Peonia, &c.
Long Rots are either,
I(I.) Sarmentous, i. e. twiggy, or branching, which
thoot or creep our tranfverfe or in Breadth: Of'
thefe foome are Geniculate, knotty orjointy; as Couch-
J Grafi, Mivts, &c.
> (2.) Cautlformes, i. e. lStemmy or Stalky, which fhoot
down deep diredtly, though often fending 'out Fi-
bres and Strings from the great Stem; 'which alfo it
I  felf is Sometimes divided or branching.
ROOTS, in Medicine.-The principal Roots ufed in the Pra-
cfice of Medicine, are, Rhubarb, Rhaponzticum, Sarfaparilla, Ipe-
cacuanha, 7alap, Zedoary, Galangal, Caa+fmnar, Gentian, Turme-
ric, Liqguorice, Madder, &c. See each described under its pro-
per Article RHUBARB, RHAPONTIC, SARSAPARILLA, IPECA-
UANHA, &C.
ROOT, in Mathernaticks, a Quantity which is multiplied by
it, felf; or a Quantity confider'd as the Bafis or Foundation of a
higher Power. See QUANTITY, POWER, &C.
Thus if any Number, as 2, be multiplied by it felf, the Pro-
du& 4 is called the Square, or feceond Power of 2 ; and z it felf,
with regard to that Power, is called the Root; or particularly the
fquare Root of 4. See SOQUARE-ROOt.
Since, as Unity is to the fquare Root, fo is the Root to the
Square; the Root is a mean Proportional between Unity and the
Square.-Thus i    2 : 4.
If a fquare Number, as 4, be multiplied by its Root 2, the'
Produ6t 8 is call'd the Cude, or third Power of 2; and with re-
fpe&c to this Cubic Number 8, the Number 2 is call'd Root;
or particularly the Cube-Root. See CuBE-Root.
Since as Unity is to the Root, fo is the Root to the Square;
and as Unity is to the Root, fo is the Square to the Cube; the
Root will be to the Square, as the Square to the Cube, i. e. Uni-
ty, the Root, the Square, and the Cube, are in continual Pro-
portion: Thus: I: 2 : : 4 : 8. And the Cube-Root is the
firMt of the two mean Proportionals between Unity and the
Cube.
To extra4 the Root out of a given Number, or Power, at 8,
is the fame thing as to find a Number, as 2, which being mul-
tiplied into it felf a certain Number of Times, v. g. twice, pro-
duces the given Number, as 8.
To extraff the Square ROOT,  See  EXTRACTION.
To extraci the Cube ROOT, 5   S
A Root, whether Square or Cubic, or of any higher Power;
if it confiff of two Parts, is call'd a Binomial Root, or limply Bi-
nomial; as 24, or 20+4' See BINOMIAL.
If it confilt of three, a  lninorial; as 245, or 240 + -  Or
o00 + 140 +5-If of more than three, a Multinomial; as 2456,
Dr 2450+6, or 2400+56, or 2000+456, or 2000+400+
50+6. See MULTINOMIAL.
ROOT of an Equation, in Algebra, is the Value of an unknown
Quantity in an Equation. See EQUATION.
Thus, if the Equation be a' +b'-x', the Root of the Equa-
tion uis the Square Root of a, and that of bi expreisd thus,
Va+b.
Real ROOT.-If the Value of x bepoitiive, i. e. if x be a
,ofitive Quantity; e. gr. x=r. the Root is call'd a real or true Root.
See POSITIVE.
Fafe Root.-If the Value of x be Negative, e. gr. x=-5.
rhe Root is faid to befalfe. See NEGATIVE,
Imaginary Root.-If. the Value of x be the- Root of a negative
Quantity, e. gr. /-5; 'tis faid to be imaginary.
The great ufe of Algebra is to bring Problems to Equations;
hen to reduce thofe Equations, or to exhibit them in the molt
smple Terms. See REDUCTION.
What remains after this to the Solution of the Problems, is to ex-
tad the Roots of the Equations thus reduced, be they Lines or
qumbers. See RESOLUTION.
Extraaien of the RooTs of Equations. See EXTRACTION.
ROOTS, RADICES, in Grammar, are the primitive Words of a
Language, whence others are compounded or derived. See PRI-
irTiVE, COMPOUND, and DERivATIVE-
Thus, the Latin F  do is the Root of 45ws, fluxii, flum*,.
larum, ixflixus, r befess flu fer, fludifonu/S  pfipuogsr  &c.-
Thus alfo  th Greek a& , is the Root of      k s, es  lw'"
And thus all, thowth  i a ler per Sene, the Dan# trd'
i the Rootof the Eof0 Rent   he              tl* Root  i
the-




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