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thofe who tninifed at the Altar antiendy lived of Reda-
tiown, which they received for the Services they did the Church.
But thefe Retnibutiow were afterwards judged Propr to be _d
to Prcife Sums. See TITH.
RETDISRIEVE, RETROUVER, to recover, get again, or repair
a thingloft or damaged. See RECOvERY, REPAR.LTION, &c.
TO RkETRIEVE, in Falconry, fiigpifle to fpring or hid Par-
tridges again. which have been once fprnug before. See HAWK-
ING.
RETROACTIVE, in Law.-New Laws and Statutes, we
fay, have no retroa/ve Efl& , that is, they have no Force or
Effe& as to what is already pafs'd; nor can be alledgd as Rules
for any thing done before their Promulgation.-Their Authority
is wholly as to what is to come.
Indeed we have fome Inflances of Laws that have a Retro-
fpe&, or Retroagfion, i. e. were made with exprefs Defiga to
extend to things already pa1s'd.-Thefe we ufually call Laws ex
p     ofaclo. See LAW, &c.
The Word is compounded of the Latin, retro, backwards;
and ago, I act.
RETROCESSION, the AM of going backwards; more ufu-
ally exprefs'd by Retrogreilon or Retrogradation.  See RETRO-
GRADATION, &hC.
RETROCESSION of the Equinox. See PRdECESSION.
RETROCESSION of Curves, &c.     See RETROGRADATION,
Contrary FLEXURE, &C.
RETROGRADE, RETROGRADUS, fomerthing that goes
backwards, or in a Direftion contrary to its natural one.
Such is the Motion of the Lobifer, the Crab. e&c.
The Word is form'd from the Latin, retro, backwards; and
gradior, I go.
If the Eye and the Objed move both the fame way, but the
Eye much fafter than the Obje6t; the Objed~c will appear to be
Retregrade, i. e. to go back, or to advance the contrary Way
from what it really does. See VISION of Motion.
Hence, the Planets in fome Parts of their Orbits appear to be
Retrograde. See PLANET and RETROGRADATION.
RETROGRADE Order, in Matters of Numeration, is when in
lieu of accounting I, 2, 3, 4, we count 4, 3, 2, 1.   See
PROGRESSION. SERIES, NUMBER, &i.
RETROGRADE Verfes are fuch as give the fame Words, whether
read backwards or forwards; call'd alfo rearocal Perfer, and Recur-
rents; fuch is,
SigX4 te Signa temere me tarngs et AgSis.
RETROGRADATION, or RETROGRESSION, the Mt or
Effed of a thing moving backwards. See RETROGRADE.
RETROGRADATION, in Aftronomy, is an apparent Motion of
-the Planets, wherein- they feem to go backwards in the Ecliptic,
and to move contrary to the Order or Succefion of the SCgs.
See PLANET, ECLIPTIC, &e.
When a Planet moves in confequentia, i. e. towards the follow-
ing Signs, or according to the Order of the Signs, as from Aries
to Taurus, from Taurus to Gemini, &c. that is, from Weft to
Eaft, it is faid to be dire/I. See DIRECT.
When it appears for fome Days in the fame Point of the Hea-
vens, it is faid to be Stationary. See STATIONARY.
And when it goes in Antecedentia, i. e. towards the antecedent
Signs, or contrary to the Order of the Signs, viz. from Eaft to
Weflt, it is faid to be Retrograde. See ANTECEDENTIA, SIGN,
&c.
The Sun and Moon always appear dire&t.-Saturn, upiter,
Mirs. Venus, and Mercury, fometimes direa, fometimes Statio-
nary, and Sometimes Retrograde. See SATURN, JUPITER, VE-
NUS, &VC.
The fuperior Planets are Retrograde about their Oppofition
with the Sun; the inferior ones about their Conjunction.  See
OPPOSITION and CONJUNCTION.
The Intervals of Time between two Retrogradations of the fe-
Vreral Planets, are unequal.-In Saturn 'tis a Year and 13 Days;
in Bupiter a Year and 43 Days; in Mars two Years So Days;
in Venus one Year 220 Days; in Mercury i i5 Days.
Again, Saturn continues Retrograde 140 Days, 7Wpiter I2o,
Mars 73, Venus 42; Mercury 22: Yet are not the feveral Retro-
gradations of the fame Planet conrfantly equal.
Thefe Changes of the Courfes and Motions of the Planets are
not real: but apparent, when view'd from the Centre of theSy-
fitem, i. e. from the Sun, they appear always uniform and regu-
lar.-The Inequalities arife from the Motion and Pofition of the
Earth whence they are view'd, and are thus accounted for.
Suppofe PQO   (Tab. 4ronomy, Fig. 5 8.) a Portion of the
Zodiac ABCD the Earths Orbit, and EMGHZ the Orbit of a
fuperior Planet, c. gr. Saturn. Anid fuppofie the Earth in A, and
Satarn in E; in which Cafe he will be feen in the Zodiac at the
Point 0.-If now Saturn remain'd without any Motion, when
the Earth arrives at B, he would be feen in the Point of the Zo-
dial L, and would appear to have defcribed the Arch OL, and
to have moved according to the Order of the Signs from Weft to
Eaft. But becaufe while the Earth is palling from A to B, Sa-
turn likewife moves from E to  d where he is on in Cjuati-


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on with the Sun, he will appa to have defcribed the Arch  x .
greater than that OL.
In tbi State, now, the Planzet is diret, and i Motion, frqm
W   t to Eadt, or according to the Order of te Signs. i And
its Motion, now that it is in Conjun&ion with the SuX aid moft
rnmote from us,is quicker than at any other time. Seen~crIoN.
The Earth arriving at C, while Saturn d4fcribes tie Arch
MG, he will beobferved in the Zodiac atR. But the Earh bein
advanced to K, and Saturn to H, fo as the Line Ki joining the
Earth and Saturn, be for fome time Parallel to it feif, or nearly
fo; Saturn will be feen all that time in the fame Point of the Zo-
diac at Pi and with the fame fixd Stars, and is therefore Statio-
nary. See- STATION.
But the Earth being come to D, and Saturn arrived in oppo-
fition to the Sun in g, he will appear in the Zodiac in V, and
will feem to have been Retrograde, or to have gone backward;
through the Arch PV.-Thus the fuperior Planets, on Optic-A
Co6nfderations, are.always Retrograde, 'when in OppoItion to thi
Sun. See SUN, OPPosITIoN, &c.
The Arch, which the Planet defcribes while thus Retrograde, is
call'd the *rcb of Retrogradation. See ARCH.
The Arches ot Retrogradation of the leveral Planets are not e-
qual.-That of Saturn is greater than that of Jupiter; that of 7-
piter than that of Mars, &c.
RETROGRADATION of the Node, is a Motion of the Line of
the Nodes, whereby it continually fhifts its Situation from Eaflt
to Weft, contrary to the Order of the Signs; compleating its
Retrograde Circulation in the Compais of about I9 Years: After
which Time either of the Nodes having receded from any, Poine
of the Ecliptic returns to !he fame again. See NODE.
RETROGRADATION of the Sua.-When the Sun is in the tor-
rid Zone, and has his Declination, AN, (Tab. AlyrMnoJny, Fig.
9.) greater than the Latitude of the Place AZ, but either Nor-
thern or Southern as that is,; the Sun will appear to go backwards
or to be Retrograde both before and after Noon. See SUN and
ZONE.
For, draw the vertical Circle ZGN to be a Tangent to the
Sun's Diurnal Circle in G, and another ZON, through the Sun
in O.-Tis evident all the intermediate vertical Circles cut the
Sun's diurnal Circle twice: Firft, in the Arch GO, and the fe-
cond time in the Arch GL-Wherefore, as the Sun afcends thro'
the Arch GO, it continually arrives at further and further Vez-
ticals. But as it continues its Afcent through the Arch GI, itr .-
turns to its former Verticals; and therefore is feen Reqrogr4de 'fo
jomee time before Noon.
The fame, it may be f{iewn after the fame manner, it d%4es or
forne time after Noon.
Hence, as the Shadow always tends the oppofite Way to tbaxt
of the Sun, the Shadow will be Retrograde twice every' DAY in
all Places of the Torrid Zone, where the Sun's Declintion ex-
ceeds the Latitude. See SHADOW.
RETROGRADATION. or RETROGRESSION, in the higherGeo-
merry, is the fame with what we ocherwife call contrary Flexion.
See Contrary FLEXION.
The Retrogrer/ion of Curves may be thus conceived.-Sup~ofe
a Curve Line AFK, (Tab. Geomdetry, Fg. 8..) to be partly Cop-
cave, partly Convex, in refdpet of the Right Line A,, or in re-
fpeI of the determinate Point B; tfhe Point F which iparates
tthe Concave Part of the Curve from the Convex, or which
>makes the end of one, and the beginning of the other, is cal4
the Pognt of contrary FSexione when the Curve is continued from
F towards the fal e Side as before.-When the Curte is con-
,tinued backwards towards A, then is F the Point of 1e.grf~
*           s     . See POINT and CURVE.
RETROGRESSION, or RETROCESSION, the bcme with
Retrogradation. See RETROGRADAT.ON.
RETROMAN       AGENTS, in natural HiNNory, a Claps ar Divi-
L:ion of Animals, whofe Charaterific is, that they Bale or piv
backwards; as Cows, c.   See ANIMAL..
The Word is compounded of the Latint retro, backwards, and
;miango, I make Water.
RETROPANNAGIRETROETROPANNAGE, ir our antient
Law-Uooks, ifterann age; or what is left when theBeafis have
done. See PANNAGE.
'Et debent iabere Retropannaium  d y eriffo S andi Marftifi wi-
q4e-adPefitum Fur. Beate MAriae. Petitto in Panl. temp.
.RETROSPECT, a look or view backwards. See RETRO-
ACTIvE.
:RE.TURN, in Law, hath two feveral Acceptarions.
The one in the R2eturn of Wris by Sheriffs and Bailiffs; which
is only a Certificate mnade to the Court by the Sheriff, Bailiff,
L&ec. .of what is done with regard to the Exec~ution Sof the Writ
diwjted to them. See WRIT.
Sjh alif) is the Return of a CommiF/loe, w hich is a Cri c#te
Ar vAner of what is done by the Con4oipers, tfQ wm
fVch orniliois, Precepnp    Mand       or the like, are,-
reaed.
The oief APHicato ,of ,the Word retrn, isin Ca  9! ale-
Aplevi; fbrif a  i Mndigirain Catle forRevrj, &, aild fterirs
*~d~ ' or avow his' A go as ic is fc ;t          r     e-S
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