2aeios, in  a     ad    p4; AIot to the      vitha
Shares, or S  rr       in Elk     See Sv04CjIOTWNt
BUBBLE, i.
ACTION iS ati an Obligation or Infirument, which the
hregIorI offuh Companies deliver to thofe who pay . Mo-
ney into their Stock. See ACTIONARY, BkANX, AC
The Aios are always rifing, and fallin; according as
the Coipany's Credit gains or Jofes. The frnalefr  Whbiper
of an  pproaching War or Peace, true or fialfe, Ihall hr
quently Qcafion a confiderable Alteration therein. In the Year
1719, the Frnch Company of the Weflf fince called the In-
d  Cmpay, arrived at fuch an imnmenfe degree of Credit i
that in fix Months time, its At4ions rofe to eighteen hun-
dred per Cent. a pitch no other Company ever came near.
In r672, the Allions of the Dutch Eaft-India Company
were at fix hundred and fifty per Cent. which was the high-
efJ they were ever known at.-But the War with France
then coming on; they fell 25Q per Cent. in a few Months.
Aer the Peace of Nimeguen, they rofe again; and in IIt8
were almoft 600 per Cent.
The French have three Kinds of ..4Fions.-Simple, which
are entitled to a Share in all, both the Profits and Loffes of
the Company.-Rentieres, entitled only to a Profit of two
per Cent. fure; for which the King is Security.-And Inte-
refted ations, which claim the two per Cent. fecur'd by the
King; and are alfo to fhare the Excefs of the Dividend
with the fimple 4aions.
There were feveral other Kinds of .4tlions introduced by
the Brokers, in the bufy Days of the Rae kuinquempoix,
which have fince dropt into Oblivion; as Alother A4fions,
DJRaughters, Grand-mothers, Grand-daughters,. &c.
To Melt or Liquidate ani Atlion, is to fell, or turn it into
Money, Ec.
ACTIONARY, or ACTIoNIST, a Term frequent in our
News-Papers; denoting the Proprietor of an Atlion, or Share
in a Companies Stock. See ACTION.
ACTIVE, ACTIVUS, fomething that communicates Mo-
tion, or Aaion to another. See ACTION.
In this Senfe, the Word flands oppofed to Paive. See
PASSIVE.
Thus, we fay, an dt-five Caufe, .ildive Principles, F7c.
See CAUSE.
The Quantity of Motion in the World, Sir I. Newton
Thews, mufi be always decreafing, in Virtue of the Vis Iner-
tihe, &c. So that there is a neceflity for certain Ative Prin-
ciples to recruit it: Such he takes the Caufe of Gravity to
be, and the Caufe of Fermentation. Adding, that we fee
but little Motion in the Univerfe, except what is owing to
thefeatfive Principles. See MOTION, GRAVITATION, FEE-
MENTATION, FeC.
ACTIVE 'Principles, in ChymiCry, are thofe which are
fuppofed to a~f of themfelves, and do not need to be put
in adion by others. See PRINCIPLE.
Salt, Sulphur, and Mercury, are ufually confider'd by the
Chymills as Atfive Principles; and Phlegm and Earth, as
Paffive ones. See SALT, Sw'C.
M. Homberg, and fome late Chymifis after him, only
make one AeIive Principle, viz. Sulphur, or Fire; which
they take to be the Source or Principle of all the Motion and
Atlion of the Univerfe. See SULPHUR, and FIRE.
The Term Adive Principles, fays Dr. Ruincy, has been
ufed to exprefs fome Divifions of Matter, that are, by fome
particular Modifications, comparatively ad;ive, in refpea of
others; as, Spirit, Oil, and Salt, whofe Parts are better fit-
ted for Motion, than thofe of Earth and Water i but with
how much Impropriety, will eafily appear.
For, in a firidt Senfe, all Motion in Matter is rather Paf-
lion; and there is nO Atlive Principle, unlefs we call fo that
known Property of Gravitation, on which the Newtonian
Philofiophy is founded; which is a mutual Inclination of Bo-
dies towards one another, in proportion to the Quantity of
Matter, in all Bodies: fo that let them exift under what
Modifications foever, there can be no Alteration made of
this universal Property.-Hence, the Divilion of Matter into
what, for Diffinrtion-fake, may be called Spirit, does not
give it any Properties inconfifent with this general Law. See
MATTER, MOTION, &C.
ACTIVE, in Grammar, is fomewhat that has an aflive
Signification, and ferves to explain, or denote an Aaion.
A (Jerk A4tive, a Conjugation Affive, &c. an AChive Par-
ticiple, &c. See PARTICIPLE, CONJUGATION, WC.
Verbs ACTIVE, are fuch as do not only fignify Doing or
Aaing, but have alfo Nouns following 'em, to be the Sub-
je& of the Adfion or Impreffion. See VERB.
Thus, to love, to teach, are Verbs Affive; becaufe we
can fay,  liove a thing, to teach a Man.
Verbs Neuter alfo fignify an Affion; but are difinguiffh'd
from Verbs A  h  in that they cannot have a Noun follow-
ing 'em.-Suich are, toflesp, togo, &c. See NEUTER.
Some Grammarians, however, make three Kinds of Verbs
A.iv .w The 7Iaf   h, were the A&ior paAls into a


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tiotn ret
it. See
ACT
Seer FA4
The
tivity o
I; Xewu
traffion
. The
rurroun4
4uce an
ACI
Perfon i
CHAR A
Trga
rus, Z
and CH
~T'hefj
Perfon,
the Ad'
tertain
a fecon
with th
decentl
Bufkin.
("'A7


C'TAV,4C.3 A1&.tA,,,6 111º-WVJ 4 %..IVaj. 1)1 SL.JLLy44tJ V J *-W
Vlfl
the Variety of Incidents, added a third; and here the
Greeks flopp'd; 5at leafi, we don't find in any of their Tra-
gedies, above three Perfons in the fame Scene: .tho in their
Comedies, they took a further Liberty.
The Moderns have brought a much greater Number of
Ators upon the StageI-This heightens the Trouble, and
Diflrefs that Ihould reign there; and makes a Diverfity, in
which the Spectator is fure to be interefled.
11orace fpeaks of a kind of fecondary Ators in his Time,-
whofe Bufinefs was to imitate the firfi; and leffen them-
felves, to become better foils to their Principals. We have
little Notion how there Subaltern Atiors behaved. See
MIME, PANTOMIME, WC.
ACTUAL, fomething real, and effedive * or that exidfs
truly and abfolutely. See REAL, EXISTENCE, SC.
In Philofophy, we fay, Aflual Heat, or Cold; in oppof
tion to Virtual or Potential. See POTENTI4L, SC.
A  tual Heat, confider'd affively, is the Ad of producing
Heat: Paffively taken, it is the Quality whereby a Body
is denominated Got.-Virtual or Potential Heat, adtively ta-
ken, is the Power or Faculty of producing Heat; pailively
taken, it fhould be the Power or Faculty of being heayed4
or of receiving Atfual Heat. See HEAT, COLD, &C. . i
In Theology, we fay, Aiqual Grace   in op-ofitio  to
Habitual Grace. See HABITUAL.
A~tual Grace, is that which God gives us, to make or
enable us to adl, to do fome Adion.-Habitual Grace is fanc-
tifying Grace, a Habit of Charity, or a Habit inherent in
the Soul, which renders us agreeable to God, and Objedits of
eternal Recompence. See GRACE.
So, Atual Sin is ufed in Oppofition to Original Sin. See


SIN.
Altual Sin is that committed knowingly, by a Perfon ar-
rived at Years of Difcretion. Original Sin is that we con-
trad by Defcent, as being Children of Adam. See ORIGI-
NAL.
ACTUATE, to bring into Ad; or put a thing in Ac-
tion. See ACT, aad ACTION.
Thus, an Agent is faid by the Schoolmen to a~flate a
Power, when it produces an Ad in a Subjec.-And thus the
Mind may be faid to atuate the Body.
ACUTE, Sharp, fomerthing that terminates in a Point
or an Edge; difpofed either for piercing. or cutting. See


POINT, EDGE, 65C.
In this Senfe, the Word ufually flands oppofed to (
See OBTUSE.
ACUTE Angle, is that which is lefs than a right I
or which does not fubtend 90 Degrees.  See ANGLE.
Such is the Angle A E C, (Tab. Geometry, Fig. 86.2
ACUTE-Angle Triangle, is that whofe three Angles
acute, called alfo an Oxygonous T'riangle. See TRIMa
Such is the Triangle AC B, (Tab. Geometry, Fig
ACuTE-Angular Seftion, of a Cone, was ufed by, t
tient Geomerricians for the Ellipfis. See ELLIPSI
CONE.
ACUTE, in Mufick, is underfood of a Sound, or
which is fharp, or fhrill, or high, in refped of fome
See SOUND.
In this Senfe, the Word flands oppofed to Grave
GRAVnE.
Sounds confider'd as Acute and Grave, that is, in t]
lation of Gravity and. Acutenefs, confi'tute what M


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