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ting a Space between each two Words, forms one Line after
another; till the Stick being full, he empties it out upon an
other Infirument, call'd the Galley; feveralof which ranged
in a Frame, call'd a Chafe, are ready for the Prefs.
This lhort View of Compofing, we Thall further illuffrate
and enlarge upon.
The Compofing-Stick, then, (reprefented Tab. MISCEL-
LANY, Fig. 7.) confifds of a Plate, or Slip of Brats, Iron,
or Wood, more or lefs broad, and contrived fo as to be made
more or lefs long according to the width of the Page, and
the Number of Lines to be compofed in it.
From the right Side of this Plate arifes a Ledge a a,
about half an Inch high, running the whole length of the
Plate, and ferving to futlain the Letters, the fides of which
are to refi againil it; from the fame Plate likewife arife
two other leffer pieces, b and c. one of which, b, is contrived
to flide along it, that to the two pieces may be either ap-
proached or withdrawn at pleafure, to adjuil the length of
the Line to the Meafure intended.  See COMPOSING-
Stick.
Add, that where Marginal Notes, References, Ec. are re-
quired in a Work; a fecond fliding Piece is added in the
Compofing-Stick, at the proper diflance from the former: as
at e.
E'er the Workman proceeds to compote, a Rule, or Slip
of Brafs-Plate, cut to the length of the Line, and of the
fame height as the Letter, is placed in the Compofing-Stick
againfi the Ledge thereof; for the Letter to bear imme-
diately again{}.
Things thus prepared, and having the Copy lying before
him, and the Stick in his left Hand; with the right he
picks up the Letters, Spaces, Fc. and places 'em againf the
Rule; while with the Thumb of the left he preis them
ciofe to the upper Screw, or Check; and thus keeps them
tight and fleady: while the other Hand is conflantly em-
ploy'd in fetting in more Letters: The whole performed
with a degree of Expedition and Addrets, not eafy to be
imiagined.
A Line being thus compofed, if it end with a Word or
Syllable, and fill the Meafure ; there needs no further Care;
otherwife more Spaces are to be put between the feveral
Words to jujify the Lines, i. e. to make the Meafure pretty
iifFf; and thus he proceeds to another Line.
The Spaces here ufed are a fort of blank Characters, of
the like D)imenfions as the Letters, but lets high ; and whofe
Faces,' tnerefore, when fet, do not appear, nor give any
Impreffion. They are of feveral kinds according to the
Dimenfions of the Blanks, or Intervals to be made by them,
viz. Quadrats, to fill up a Breek at the end of a Paragraph,
or the like; .Mquadrats, which are tquare, and of the
thicknefs of an mn, ferving to make the diftance after a Pe-
roid, or between Sentence and Sentence; N-quadrats, of
the thickness of an n, to be placed after Colons, Semi-
colons, and Comma's; and thick or thin Spaces, to be ufed
between the Words in juflifying, as above.
For Marginal Notes, in the Spaces referved for them,
between the two fliding pieces of the Compofing-Stick, are
put little quadrated pieces of Metal, call'd Quotations;
which are jualified by other fmaller pieces: a Slip of Scale-
board being placed from the top of the Page to the bot-
tom, to keep the Note and Text at a due dittance.
The firfi Line thus compleatly juflify'd, the Compofitor
advances to a frefh one; in order to which, he moves the
brafs Rule from behind the former, and places it before it,
and thus compofes another Line againfi it, after the fame
manner as the former: and thus he goes on till his Stick
be full, which'he empties into the Galley, after the manner
following.
Taking the Rule from behind the laft Line, he places it
before it ; and with his two middle Fingers fqueezes the
Lines in the Stick clofe; his two Fore-fingers at the fame
time being apply'd on the outfide of the Rule: thus he
lifts them out of the Stick, and clapping his two Thumbs
behind the firff Line, lifts them into the Galley; taking care
to difengage his two Thumbs without breaking the Lines.
The Compofitor having thus fet the proper Number of
Lines in his Stick, viz. four, fix, or eight, and emptied
them out into the Galley; he again fills, and empties
as before, till a conrmpleat Page be form'd: Remembring
at the bottom of every Page to fet a Line of Quadrats,
and at the end thereof the firfi Word of the Page enfuing,
for a Catch-Word; and, if it be the firf{ Page of the Sheet,
one of the Letters of the Alphabet for a Signature.
The GCalley is a flat wooden Infirument, in form of a long
Square ; of a length and breadth proportionable to that
of the Page: It confifds of two Parts, the Upper, call'd
the Slice, whereby the Pages of large Volumes, when com-
pofed, are flidden upon the Stone ; the other, which is the
Baody of the Galley, is ledged on three fides, to contain the
Slice; the inner Ledge not to exceed half an Inch in
height, that the compofed Page rifing above it by one hall


the height of the Letter, may be tyed up, or bound de
and removed without danger.
This Galley is placed at the Top of the Cafe, and
tained by two wooden Pins from fliding down the Bc
See GALLEY,
The Page, then, compofed and ranged in the Gal
he ties it up therein with a Cord or Pack-thread; and fX
by; and proceeds to the next, till the Number of Pip
the Sheet be compleated: which done, he carries then


+ r ,,A their4;a.                              rX1A __ ____
Inc  _ypvjing or Lorrecring-aone, there to range the
Order, in a Chafe; which they call Imp oftg.
The Chafe is a Reaangular Iron Frame of different i,
menfions, according to the Size of the Paper to be printc
on; having two crofs pieces of the fame Metal, call'd a
long and phort Croft, mortifed, at each end, into the Fraje,
fo as to be taken out occafionally.
By the different Situations of thefe Crofes, the Chafe i
fitted for different Volumes; for Quarto's and Oaavo's
one traverfes the middle lengthwife, the other breadthwife5
fo as to interred in the Centre; which is the mof cuflo
mary Situation: For Twelves andTwenty-fours, theIhort
Crofs is Thifted nearer to one end of the Chafe: For Folio's,
the long Crofs is left entirely out, and the lhort one placed
in the Middle; and for Broadfides, or Sheets printed on
one fide only, both Croffes are fet afide.
To drefs the Chafe, or range and fix the Pages therein,
they make ufe of a Set of Furniture, confifling of Riglets,
or flips of Wood of different Dimenfions, and about half
an inch high, that they may be lower than the Letters:
Some of thefe are placed at the Top of the Pages, call'd
Head-flicks; others between them to form the inner Mar-
gin, call'd the Gutter-flicks; others at the Sides, call'd
Side-flicks; and others at the Bottom, call'd Foot-flicks.
The Pages, then, placed in order on the Stone, the Chafe
is put over 'em, and the Riglets apply'd between the
Letter and the Chafe, in the Pofition above-mentioned;
the whole is lock'd up by means of other leffer pieces, cut
in the Wedge-form, call'd JSyoins, which are driven with
a Mallet and Shooting-flick, to a fufficient Tightnets.
Before the Form be quite lock'd up, they dreft down the
fame, by palling a fmooth pieceof Wood, call'd the Plainer,
over the Letters,to make their Surfaces *and flat and even;
and when lock'd up, they 1hake it, to fee that nothing fir,
In this condition the Work is call'd a Form, containing
more or fewer Pages, according to the Volume. See FORM.
As there are two Forms required for every Sheet, when
both fides are to be printed, 'tis neceffary they be exafly
of the fame length and breadth, i. e. the correfponding
Riglets, Head-flicks, &c. are to be equal in both Forms.
Here, then, properly ends the Compofitor's Office; the
Form, thus finilh'd, being to be committed to the Pref&-
Man.
Indeed, as it is impoflible but there mufl be Miffakes in
the Work, either thro' the Overfight of the Compofitor, or
by the tranfpofition of the Letters in the Cafes; after
drawing off a Proof, it is deliver'd to the Correaor, who
reading it over, and realifying it by the Copy; it is re-
inanded to the former Operator, to be correged accor-
dingly.
For the Characlers ufed in correcqing a Sheet for tho
Compofitor, fee CORRECTION.
The Compofaor, then, unlocking the Form  upon the
correaing Stone, by knocking out or loosening the Quoins ;
and fpreading his corre&ed Proof fo, as that the Lines there-
of range with the refpefive ones of the Metal; by running
his Eye along both, he eafily fpies where Correc1ions are
to be made: according to which, he proceeds to pick out
the faulty Letters, Points, &c. with a lharp-pointed Steel-
Bodkin, and puts others in their places.
Where the Alterations are confiderable, and particularly
where Infertions or Omiffions are to be made, there ufuallf
arifes a neceffity of over-running; in order to which, they
mufl de-compote, or return the Lines back from the Chafie
into the Galley, and from the Galley again into the Corn-
pofing-Stick, to be new modell'd and re~ify'd accordingly.
If, e.gr. one or more Words to be inferred in a Line, cannot
be got in by changing the Spaces of the Line for lener ones;
part of the Line mufl be put back into the clofe of the pre-
ceding one, or forward into the beginning of the fubfequent
one, or both   i till room is got. If the Intertion be large,
feveral Lines will need to be over-run, either backward or
forward, till a Break is arrived at; when, if it be notgOt
in, a Line is to be driven out; and to get in that Line, the
next Pages, either backward or forward, mul fometimes be
over-run e'er it can come in.
Where an Omiffion is to be made, the contrary courfe muff
be taken. If it be but little, the Compofitor takes it out, a
drives out the Matter; by either enlarging his Spaces, or be-
flowing the beginning of the following, or the lofie of the
preceding Line, therein. If it be contiderable, be may be
obliged to over-run feveral Pages e'er it can be driven out.


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