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Hence, as the Depth of the Tone of a Iautboy is ani
fvkrable to the Length of the Inflrument; the longefl Fi-
bres of the Wood, whofe Vibrations make the Refonance,
making always the floweft Vibrations, and consequently the
deepel Tone: It may appear probable, that the Concavity
of the Mouth, by its lengthening for grave Tones, and
Ihortening for acute ones, might ferve very well for the Pro-
duffion of the divers Tones: but M. Dodart obferves, that
in that play of the Organ call'd the human Voice, the
longefd Pipe is fix Inches, and yet with all that length it does
not make any difference of Tone, but the Tone of the Pipe
is precirely that of the Plug; whereas the Concavity of the
Mouth of a Man of the graveft Voice, not being above fix
Inches deep; 'tis evident that can't modify, vary, and give
the Tone. See TUNE.
'Tis the Glottis, then, that forms the Tone, as well as
the Sound ; and the manner of forming the various Tones,
is by varying its Aperture.-A piece of Mechanifm too ad-
mirable not to be here particularly inquir'd into.
The human Glottis, then, reprefented in Tab. Nat. Hif-
tory, Fig. I 1. is only capable of one proper Motion, viz. that
of an Approach of its Lips, A D B and A B D.-Accordingly,
the dotted Lines A E B, A F B, A G B, exhibit three different
degrees of Approach.'-Thefe different Apertures of the
Glottis, Anatomifis ufually attribute to the Aafion of the
Mufcles of the Larynx; but M. Dbodart Chews, from  their
Pofition, Direclion, &c. that they have other Lifes; and
that the opening and lhutting of the Glottis is effedted by
other means, viz. by two tendinous Cords, or Strings, inclo-
fed in the two Lips of that Aperture.
In eife&, each of the two Semicircular Membranes,
whofe Interilice forms the Glottis, is doubled back upon it
felf; and within each Duplicature is a Chord or String,
which is faflen'd at one End to the fore-part of the Larynx,
and to the hind-part at the other.---'Tis true, they appear
more like Ligaments than Mufcles; as confifling of white
and membranous Fibres, not of red and flefhy ones: But
the vafi Number of minute Changes in this Aperture, necef-
fary to form the vail Variety of lones, make an extraordi-
nary kind of Mufcle, by whofe Contraffion they fhould be
efcted, abfolutely neceffiry.  Common flefhy Fibres,
wherein the Blood is receiv'd in large quantity, had been in-
finitely too coarfe for fuch delicate Motions.
Thefe Strings, which in their State of Relaxation make
each a little Arch of an Ellipfis; as they contras more and
more, become longer, but lefs and lefs curve; and at lafi,
with the greatefl Contrafion they are capable of, degenerate
into two right Lines applied clofe to each other- fo clofe
and fo firm, that an Atom of Air can't efcape out of the
Lungs, how full foever they may be, and how great an Ef-
fbrt foever all the Mufcles of the lower Venter may make
againfl the Diaphragm, and by the Diaphragm againi thefe
two little Mufcles.
The different Apertures of the Lips of the Glottis, then,
produce all the different Tones in the fix Parts of Mufick,
viz. Baj3, Commos pittc, Tenor, Counter-tenor, rreble-Bafls,
and T1reble; and the Manner is thus:
The Voice, we have thewn, can only be form'd by the
Glottis; but the Tones of the Voice are Modifications of the
Voice; and can only be produced by the Modifications of the
Glottis.-Now the Glottis is only capable of one Modification,
which is, the mutual Approach or Recefs of its Lips: 'Tis
this, therefore, produces the different Tones.-Now that Mo-
dification includes two Circumfiances: the firfl, and princi-
pal, is, that the Lips are firetch'd more and more, from the
loweft Tone to the higherl; the fecond is, that the more
they are flretch'd, the nearer they approach.
From the firft it follows, that their Vibrations will be fo
much the quicker, as they come nearer their higheff Tone;
and that the Voice will be jull when the two Lips are equal-
ly ilretch'd, and falfe when unequally; which agrees per-
fetly well with the Nature of String Infiruments.
From the fcond it follows, that the higher the Tones are,
the nearer will they approach each other; which agrees
Eerfectly well with Wind Infiruments, govern'd by Reeds, or
flugs.
The Degrees of Tenfion of the Lips, are the firel and
principal Caufe of Tones; but their Differences are infenfi-
ble.-The degrees of Approach, are only Confequences of
that Tenfion; but their Differences are more eafily affign'd.
To give a precife Idea of the thing, therefore, we had
beft keep to that ; and fay, that this Modification confifes in
a Tenfion, from whence refults a very numerous Subdivifion
of a very fmall Interval ; which yet, fmall as it is, is capa-
ble, phyfically fpeaking, of being fubdivided infinitely. See
DIVISIBILITY.
Thin DoOrne is confirmed fiom the different Apertures
found in diffe&ing Perfons of different Ages of both Sexes.
e Aperture is lefi, and the exterior Canal always Ihal-
lwer in the Sex and Ages fitteft to fing Treble.-Add, that
the Reed of a Hautboy, feparted from the Body of the


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Infitument, being a little prefs'd between the 1L;> *il1
yield a Tone fomewlat higher than its natural one; and if
prefs'd flill more, will yield another ftill higher: And thus
an able Mufician may run fucceflively thro' all the Tones
and Semitones of an Offave.
'Tis different Apertures, then, that produce, or at leaf ac-
company different Tones, both in Natural Wind Infruments,
and Artificial ones; and the Diminution of the Aperture,
raifes the Tones both of the Glottis and the Reed.
The Reafon why lefrening the Aperture heightens the
Tone, is, that the Wind paffes thro' it with the greater Ve-
locity; and from the fame Caufe it is, that if any Reed, or
Plug of an Infirument be too weakly blown, its Tone will
be lower than ordinary
Indeed, the Contra ions and Dilatations of the Glottis,
mull be infinitely delicate: By an exaa Calculation of the
ingenious Author abovemention'd, it appears, that to per-
form all the Tones and Semitones of a common Voice, which
is computed to reach to r2 Tones to perform all the Par-
ticles and Subdivifions of thofe Tones, into Commas and
other minuter tho fill fenfible Parts; to perform all the
Shades, or the Differences in a Tone when founded more or
lefs firong, without changing the Tone : the little Diameter
of the Glottis, which does not exceed .-. of an Inch, but
which varies within that Extent at every Change, mull be
affually divided into 9632 Parts; which Parts are yet very
unequal, and therefore many of 'em  much lefs than the
9      Part of an Inch.-A Delicacy fcarce to be match'd
by any thing but a good Ear, which has fo ju1 -a Senfe of
Sounds, as, naked, to perceive Differences in all thefeTones s
even thofe whofe Origin is much lefs than the 9632ooth
Part of an Inch. See HEARING.
VoicE, in Grammar, is a Circumifance in Verbs, where-
by they come to be confider'd as either aflive or pa/ive,
i. e. either as expreffing an Affion imprefs'd on another Sub-
je&, as I beat; or receiving it from  another, as I am
beaten. See VERB; fee alpO ACTIVE, and, PAssivE.
VOICE, in Matters of Eleaions, denotes a Vote, or Suf-
frage. See VoTE, &c.
In this Senfe, a Man is faid to have a deliberate Voice,
when he has a Right to give his Advice and Opinion in a
Matter of debate, and his Suffrage is taken-An affive
Voice, when he gives his Vote for the Eleffion of any one;
and a paffirve Voice, when the Suffirages may fall on him to
be eleaed-An excitative Voice, when he may a& to pro-
cure another to be eleaed-A confultative Voice, when he
can only offer Reafons and Remonfirances, whereon the
Chief or Head determines at his own Difcretion: Such the
Cardinals have, with regard to the Pope ; the Mafters of
Chancery, with regard to the Lord Chancellor, Wc.
VOID Space, in Phyficks. See VAcUUM.
VOID, in Common Law. See ANNuLLING.
VOIDANCE, VACANCY, in the Canon Law, a Want of
an Incumbent upon a Benefice. See VACANCY, &;G.
This is twofold, either in Law, de yure; as when one
holds feveral Benefices that are incompatible: or de Faao,
in Deed; as when the Incumbent is dead, or affually de-
priv'd;
VOIDED, UUIDE, in Heraldry, is underllood of an Or-
dinary whofe inner or middle Part is cut out ; leaving nothing
but its Edges to fhow its Form; fo, that the Field appears
thro' it.
Hence it is needlefs to exprefs the Colour or Metal of
the voided Part; becaufe it mull of courfe be that of the
Field.
Thus, the Crofs voided differs from the Crofs fimbriated, in
that this latter does not fhew the Field thro' it, as the other
does.-And the fame is ufed in other Ordinaries.


)IDER, in Heraldry, one of the Ordi-
s, whofe Figure is much like that of the
Lue, or Flanch; only that it doth not bend
uch. See FLANCII.
'uis Armoury, they fay, is properly the
ard of a Gentlewoman that has well
d her Prince.-It is always born by Pairs.


VOIDING, in Medicine. See EVACUATION.
In the 'Philofophbical rranfadions, we have an account of
one Matt. Milford, who voided a Worm by Urine, fuppofed
to have come from the Kidneys. See WORMs.
Dr. Lifter mentions true Caterpillars voided by a Boy of nine
Years old.-Mr. JeJ0op faw Hexapods vomited up by a Girl.
Catherina Geilaria, who dy'd in -66z, in the Hofpital of
Altenburg, for 2o Years voided by Vomit and Stool, Toads,
and Lizards. Ephem. German. T. I. Obf 103.
In the fame Epbem. is an Inifance of a Kitten, bred in
the Stomach, and vomited up.-Of Whelps, Frogs, LA-
certte Aquatice, and other Animals, bred the like wbay
-Bartboline gives us an Inflance. of a Wormn bred in the
Brain, and voided by the Nofe of 0. W. See VERMESt .
VOIR   Dire, in Law-When, up     a Trial at Laws it
is prayed that a Witnefs may be bori  g pon a Voir 1i 7;


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