(S39)
t 13;93~~~~~~~~~-


PPALMS, among Botaniffs, white Buds, Ihooting out of
Willows, or Sallows, before the Leaf i of the Exparfions where-
of, the Leaves themfelves are form'd. See BUD and GER-
)AINATION.
'PALM-SUND IY, the Sunday next before E'afer-Sunday;
or the lafli Sunday in Lent. See LENT.
It has be'en thus called from the primitive Days, on Account
of a pious Ceremony then in ufe, of bearing Palms in Me-
mory o the Triumphant Entry of 7efus Chrift into 7erzfalem,
eight Days before the Feafi of the Paflover, de1cribed by
St. Mattibe-v Chap. XXI, St. Mark Chap. XI. and St. Luke,
Chap. XIX.
'The Ancients had alfo other Names for this Day. For r.
they called it Oomninica Comp etentiu6m, i. e. Sunday of the Com-
petents; becaufe on that Day the Catechumens came to ask
the Bilhop Leave to be admitted to Baptifm, which was con-
ferr'd the Saturday following. See BAPrIsM and CATECHU-
MEN.
They had alfo, then, given 'em the Symbol or Credo to get
off by Heart, to be repeated to the Bithop in the Ceremony of
lBaptifm. See SYMBOL.
They called it 'apitiliviugm, the Sunday of wajhing the
Head; by reafon thofe, who were to be baptized the following
Sunday, were prepared by waffing their Head this Sunday.
Some Time afterwards they called it Indulgence Sunday; by
reafon the Emperors and Patriarchs ufed to difiribute Gifts on
that Day. See INDULGENCE.
PALMARIS, in Anatomy, a Mufcle ferving to contracE the
Palm of the Hand, in grafping.
it arifes from the internal Protuberance of the Humerus, and
by a long and flender Tendon, paffes above the annular Li-
gament to the Palm of the Hand; where it expands itfelf
into a large Aponeurofis, which cleaves clofe to the Skin above,
and to the Sides of the Metacartps below, and to the firfE
Phalanx of the Fingers; by which means it makes four Cafes
for the Tendons of the Fingcrs to pafs thro'.
This Mufcle is fometimes wanting, but the Aponeurofis is al-
ways there.
PALMARIs brevis or ,2!iadratus, a Mufcle that lies under
the Aponeurofis of the firit. It arifes from the Bone of thle
JMetacarpts that fuflains the little Finger, and from that Bone
of the Carpus which lies above the reit. It goes tranfverfly,
and is inferted into the eighth Bone of the Carpus.
It ferves to draw the Palm of the Hand into a concave Fi-
gure.
PALMER, in our antient Writers, is ufed for a Pilgrim;
and fometimes for a Croife, on Account of a Staff made of the
Palm-Tree which they ever afterwards bore as a Badge of
their Devotion. See PILGRIM, CROISE, CROISADE, &C.
TALMlSTRY, a Kind of Divination, perform'd by in-
fpeding the Palm of the Hand; call'd alfo Ckirorancy.
tSee CHIROMANCY.
PALMULLARII, more properly call'd PARMULARII, in
Antiquity, a Sort of Gladiators, who fought, arm'd with a
Sort of a little Buckler, cali'd Parma. See (LANDI AI OR and
PARMA.
PALPABLEfomething that may be perceiv'd by the Senfes,
ef~ecially the Senfe of Feeling.
mence Impalpable-Powder. See PowDER.
PALPEBRJE, in Anatomy, the Eye-Lids; or thofe move-
able Covers which ferve to fcreen, and defend the Eyes. See
EYE.
They confifl of a thin mufeular Membrane, covered without-
fide with a firong, yet flexible Skin; and lined within-fide
with a Produdion, as fome think, of the Pericranium. Their
Edges are fortify'd with a foft Cartilage, by Means whereof,
they are enabled to clofe the better.
Out of thefe Cartilages grow a Paliffade of fliff Hairs call'd
Cilia; ofgreat Ufe to warn the Eye of the Approach of Dan-
ger, either in fleeping or waking ; to keep off Motes, Flies, &fc.
in the Air, and break the too fierce Impreffion of the Rays of
Light. See CILIA..
Thefe Hairs, it is obferv'd, only grow to a certain convenient
Length, and never need cutting, as mofl others do; add to this,
that their Points fland out of the way - thofe of the upper Eye-
lid being bent upwards, as thofe of te lower downwards i fo
nice was Nature, in fuch fmall Matters.
At the Commiffure, or Joining of the upper and under Eye-
lids are formed two Angles call'dCanthi. See CANTHus.
In the Inner of thefe is a Gland call'd Glandila Lachrymalis.
from which proceed two or three Ducts, which, opening on thc
inner Surface of the Eye-lid, ferve to moiflen the Baf of the
Eye, and keep its Membranes from growing harlb and dy.
See GLANDULA LACHRYMALIS.
Near the other Angle, is a Gland call'd Innomizata; which
helping by feveral Branches to irrigate the Ev e,the Over-plu
is can ed to the greater Angle'and tranfmittid to the Nofe thro
he    n~tlaZachrymakia.  See LACERYMALIAPNCTA.
By thfe Glands it iN, that the Humno cad Tears, i;
fecrn'd. See Tx AU.
The Eye-lids are both moveable, efpecially the upper,whict
has two Ales to raife and depress it, call'd A:aoUens, and


IAr
P. A


Deprimens or Orbicuaris.  See Artows, DEpRIMENS,
Fes
In Quadrupeds the lower Papebras is moveable; an the
fmalleri in Birds, on the contrary, the lower is 4mnoveable,
and the greater. Animals that have hard Eyes, as Lbfrs and
the Generality of Filhes have no SP pebre  as beingfuc
ently fecured without.
In the Generality of Brutes is a Kind of third Eye-lid,
which is drawn, like a Curtain, to wipe off the Humidity
which might incommode the Eyes ; it is called the 'Ni61itating
Membrane. See NICTITANS.
The Monkey is almoll the only one that wants it; as being
furnifh'd, like Man, with Hands to wipe the Eye on Occa-
fion.
PALPITATION, in Medicine, a preternatural Beaoting
or Pulfation of the Heart. See PULSE, ESC.
The Palpitation of the Heart, is an Irregularity in the Mo-
tions of that Vi/fcus, whereby it is driven with Violence towards
the Ribs, in its Contradion, attended with a great Feebleneis
of Pulfe. See HEART.
There are feveral Degrees of Palpitation: Sometimes 'tis
great, fometimes moderate, fometimes fmall, 'tis fometimes
fo impetuous, as to be beard and feen.
The Trepidation or Trembling of theHeart difers from the
pa6pitation. In the former the Pulfations are faint, flow, and
faltering; in the latter the Shakes are immoderate, violent,
and convulfive. See TREPIDATION.
The Caufe of the Pa/pitarionaccording to Boerhaaveis ufu-
ally an inordinate and violent Impetus ofthe vital Spirits into
the Villi of the Heart; as in violent Paffions, fudden Fear,
hytleric Affedtions, violent and fudden Motions. Sometimes
it is owing to an Irritation of the Fibres of the Heart, occafion'd
by fome Uharp Stimulus; as an Inflammation of the Heart or
pericardim, or Come other Diforder thereof from a Stone;
Worms, Hairs, an Aneurifma, &c.
Sometimes it arifes from a thick, copious, polypous Blood:
and fometimes from the Arteries, being become cartilaginous
or bony; or their Extremities obliruded therewith.
In the DidFion. de Trevoux, an Author, himfelf afflided
with this Difeafe, makes a particular Difquifition into its Na-
ture, and Caufe.
Anatomy, he obferves, fhews us a great Number of occa-
lional Caufes of this Difeafe: But Phylicians are fill at a Lofs
to determine the efficient Caufe.
The Moderns, with better Reafon than the Antients, feek
for it in the Blood of the Pulmonary Artery, which is fuppofed
to rebound impetuoufly towards the right Ventricle of the
Heart; by being prevented from purfuing its Courfe towards
the other Veffels of the Lungs; flopp'd by fome Obfrition,
or compreffed from various Caufes.
In opening the Carcafes of People dead of this Difeafe,
Or fubjea to it while living, Worms or PolyPris's have been
found in the Ventricles of the Heart, and Dropilies or Abfceffes
in the Pericardiumn.
In Come the Heart is extraordinarily big, and the Pulmonary
Artery dilated to double, or quadruple its ordinary Capacity,
with Obflrudions of the Pulmonary Vein, confifding of cartila-
ginous Matters which cram its Cavity fo clofe, that as Blan-
chard tells us, in his Anatomy, 'tis fometimes difficult even to
get a Pin in.
From thefe Obfervations, fome have concluded, that the
Capillary, 6ec. Veffels of the Lungs, oppoling an impatfable
Dike to the Courfe of the thickeft Part of the Blood, driven
thither by the Contradion of the Heart, fo as only a fmall
Quantity can find a Paflage through them; the firfi: muff ma ke
an Effort againfi their Sides, and oblige them to give way and
firetch them out, in Proportion to the Quantity of Blood im-
pelled againfi them by the Contraaion of the Heart.
But becaufe the Pulmonary Artery cannot firetch wide e-
* nough to receive all the Blood of the right Ventricle drivea
thither at a Contraftion; and fince the Blood, by reafon of
Obftrudions, cannot continue its progreflive Motion, in Propor-
t tion to the Velocity wherewith it is impelled, by the Contra-
cion of the Heart; the Heart at each Contradion fails to ex-
prefs into the Pulmonary Artery, all the Blood it contained in
its right Ventricle.
Thus that Part of the Blood which remains, receiving the
- whole Shock impre{Ted by the Contrafion, returew it agim to
the Heart by Refledfion, firiking impetuoufly atainfl its Sides,
and making it bound and lhoot towards the Riha.
The fame Confequences will arife from Obflrudins ofthe
Arta, preventing the entire Evacuation of therleft Ventricle 5
and generally, from all Obflrudions or Cornpreffibs of the
Velfegs, as Polypus's, Abiceffes, and D~ropfiesU the Parts near
the Heart. As to Worms, their biting, and awing of the ii-
braus Parts of the Heart, muft occafion violent Refluxes of i-
rits towards the Brain, follow'U with a copious BEffX6  o-
ther Spirits into the Nerve, of the Lungs, by the Aouint of
asPirts. An yfc Meansfu'-vioc and convulfivo C~ntradione
will be ccafion'd throighutihe vhole Text"-of the Lttgs,
which oppofin the Ifee P*gq    of the Blootimay oca&3n a
Wpafitation o the Heart.
The


P A L