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WUDIMENTS, RUDIMvA. therfiPtinciplesor Grounds
lf any Art or Science; cal'd alfo the Eemewt thereof.  See
ELEMENTS.
RUDMS. a knotty tough Stick which the Ptxtor among the
R1o2w gave the Gladiators, as a Mark of their Freedom and
Difiniffion. See GLADiATOR.
Hence the Latin Phrafe, Rude kare, to make a Gladiator free,
to discharge him from ighting any Imore.-They were hence
called RAAii   See RuDIARIT.
RUE, RUTA, a medicinal Plant, much ufed in the prefent
Praice.-&broder commends it as an Alexipharmic, and Cepha-
lic; lays it refifts Poifons and Malignities, and is therefore to
be ufed in Fevers; and that it is good in all convulfive Cafes.
It is replete with a fat vifcous Juice, and by that means yields
little to any Purpofe in Distillation, unlefs where firif digefted in
a fipirituous Menfiruum.-Hence its fimple Water in the Shops,
according to Dr. Aeiny, is nothing worth. It ought tobe raifed
with a 1pirituous Liquor, or ufed in Conferve; or, which is bell
of all, eat alone frefh gathered, with Bread and Butter. It is of
Service in nervous Cafes, particularly fuch as arife from the
Womb, as it deterges the Glands, and by its Vifcidity, bridles
thofe inordinate Motions, which frequently bein there, and af-
fe&t the whole Conltitution. See HYSTERIC, UTERINE, &C.
RUELLE, a French Term, lately introduced into our Lan-
guage.-Ruelle is a diminutive of Rue, Street; and fignifies, lite-
rally, a little Street.
its ufe among us, for an Alcove, or other genteel Apart-
ment, where the Ladies receive Visits either in Bed or up.- bhe
Poets go reading their Works from Ruelle to Ruelle, to befpeak
the Approbation and Intereft of the Ladies.
RUPTER-Hood, among Falconers, a plain Leather-Hood,
large and open behind, to be worn by an Hawk, when the is firit
drawn, See HOOD, HAWK, HAWKING, &c.
RUINS, a Term particularly ufed for magnificent Buildings
fallen to decay by length of Time; and whereof there only
remains a confufed Heap of Materials.
Such are the Ruins of the Tower of Babel, or Tower of Be-
Ius, two Days Journey from Bagdat, in Syria, on the Banks of
the Euphrates; which are now no more than a Heap of Bricks,
cemented with Bitumen; and whereof we only perceive the
Plan to have been Square.
Such, alfo, are the Ruins of a famous Temple or Palace near
Schiras in Perfia; which the Antiquaries will have to have been
built by Aha~fferusi and which the Perfians now call Tchelminar,
or Chelminar, q. d. the forty Columns; becaufe there are fo ma-
ny Colums remaining pretty entire, with the Traces of others;
a great Quantity of Ba/o Relevo's, and unknown Charaiffers.
fuilicient to Ihew the Magnificence of the Antique Architefture.
See CHELMINAR.
RULE, REGULA, or RULER, a very fimple Inftrument, or-
dinarily of hard Wood, thin, narrow, and firaight; ferving to
draw right Lines withal. See LINE.
The Rule is of principal ufe in all the mechanical Arts. -To
prove whether or no it be juft; draw a Line by it on a Paper;
then turn the Rule about, the Right end to the Left; and apply
the fame Edge this way to the Line: If the Edge now agree ex-
atly with the Line, the Ruler is true.
Defmarets has a fine Poem. on the Amours of the Rile and
Compa(s.-The Stone-Cutters-Rule is ufually four Foot long i and
divided into Feet and Inches.
The Mafon's-Rule is 12 or 15 Foot long, and is applied under
the Level, to regulate the Courfes, to make the Piedroits equal,
&c.
RULE is alfo ufed for certain Inftruments which have other
confiderable Ufes befide that of drawing Lines.-Such are the
Carpenters oeint-Rgle, Everard's, and Coggeßhals Sliding-Rules, &c.
Carpenters-Joint-RULE, is an Infirument ufually of Box, 24
Inches long and one and a half broad; each Inch being fabdi-
vided into eight Parts..-On the time Side with thefe Divisions,
is ufually added Guster's Line of Numbers.
On the other Side are ot Lines of smber and Board-Meafure;
the firif beginning at 82, and continued to 36, near the other
End: The latter is numbered from 7 to 36, four Inches from
the other End.
Ufe eof the Carpenter's Boaint-RULE.
The Application of the Inches in meafuring Lengths, Breadths,
e. is obvious.-That of the GSuter's Line, fee under Line of
NUMBERS.-The ufe of the other Side isall weneed hereqmed-
dle with.
I. ITe Bredwth of anay Surface, as Board, .Glaf, &c. being gi-
n;: to find bw much m Lenwgth mwakes a Square Foo:.-Find
the Number of Inches the Surface is broad, in the Line of Board
Meafre; and right againffi it is the Number of Inches required.
Thus if the Surface were 8 Inches broad, i8 Inches will be
found to make a fuperficial Foot.
Or, more read iy thus:-Apply the Rule to the Breadth of the
Board or -lats; that End mark'd 36 being even with the Edge;
the other Edge of the Surface will ihew the Inches and Qtarters
of Inches which go to a fquare Foot.
2. Ufe of the Table at the endof the Board Meadre.-If a Sur-
face be one Inch broad, how many Inches long will make a fu-
perficial Foot? Look in the upper Row of Figures for I Inch,
and under it in the fecond Row is z Inches, the anfwer to the
SQueffon.
3.  Ufp of the  Line  of  7Rm er  Me fre. Th sre em s  the  for-
aner; for having learnt how much the Piece is Sqar, loo fior
At Ntuzber on the Line of     Timber-Meafr    The Spae


thence to tbe bdof the Rib is th Length, whichtt iht Bread
makes a Foot of Timber.-Thus, if the Piece be9 Inches Square.
the Length neceffary to make a folid Foot ofTi mber, is 21
Inches.-If theTimber be fmall, and under 9 InchesSquarefeek the
Square in the upper Rank of the Table; and immediately under
it is the Feet and Inches that make a folid Foot.-Thus, if it be 7
Inches Square, 2 Foot I t Inches will be found to make a folid-Foot.
If the Piece be nor exaaly Square, but broader at one End
than another; the Method is to add the two together, and
take half the Sum for the Side of the Square.-For round Tim-
ber, the Method is to girt it round with a String, and to allow
the fourth Part for the Side of the Square.-But this Method is
erroneous; for hereby you lofe above+ of the true Solidity. See
TIMBER-Meafure.
.Everard's Siding-RULE,) S
Coggeihal's Sliding.RULE, 3 See 2 SLIDINGRl.
RULE, REGULA, is alfo a certain Maxim, Canon, or Precept,
to be obferved in any Art or Science.  See CANON, MAXIM,
&e.-Thus we fay, the Rueks of Grammar, of Logic, of Philo-
fophizing, 5c. See GRAMMAR, LOGIC, PHILOSOPHIZING, &C.
The School Philofophers diftinguifh two Kinds of Rles; viz.
hbeoretical, which relate to the Underllanding; being of ufe in
the Difcovery of Truth. See UNDERSTANDING, CRITER ION.
and TRUTH.-And Praffical, which relate to the Will, and ferve
to dire& it to what is good and right. See GOOD and RECTITUDE.
For the Management and Application of there two Rules, there
are two diffin~t Arts; viz. Logick, and Ethicks.  See LOGICK
and ETHICKS.
The Rules of Knowing, Regule/ciendi, are fuch as dire& and
affilft the Mind, in perceiving, judging, and reasoning. Sec
PERCEPTION, JUDGEMENT, and REASONING.
Rules of ADling, Regule agexdi, are Ehofe whereby the Mind
is guided in her Defires, Purluits, &-c. See WILL.
Authors are extremely divided about the regard to be had to
the Rules of Poetry fix'd by the Antibnts Ariftoetle, Horace,
Longinus, &c. and admitted by the modern Criticks, as Bop,
&c. fome contending that they be inviolably obferv'd; others
pleading for Liberty to fet them aide on occafimn.-Rsles, 'tis
complain'd, are Fetters; rank Enemies to Genius; and never religi-
oufly obierv'd by any, but thofe who have nothing of themselves
to depend on. Voiture frequently negledted all the Rules of Poetry;
as a Mafter who fcorn'd to be confined by them. See POETRY.
The Theatre has its particular Riles; the Rile of 24 Hours;
the Unities of A6tion, Time, and Place, &c. See UNITY. See
alfo THEATRE.
If it be true, fays Moliere, that Plays conducted according to
the Rides, don't pleafe; but thofe which are not, do: The Rides
mut be nought.-For my felf, when a thing hits and diverts
me, I don't enquire if I have done amifs i nor whether Ari/lotle's
Rules forbid me to laugh. See LAW.
RULE, in Arithmetick, is a certain Operation with Figures,
to find Sums or Numbers unknown. See ARITHMETICK, OPE-
RATION, &C.
Each Rule in Arithmetick has its particular Name, ac-
cording to the ufe for which it is intended.-The four firit,
which Ikrve as the Foundation of the w hole Art, are cail'd Ad-
dition, Subfiradion, dultipblation, and Div qion; each whereof lee
under its proper Article.
From thele arife feveral other Rules; as the Rule of Tlhree, or
of Proportion; call'd alfo, the Golden Rule; and diftinguilhed into
dired, and inverle, fimple, and compound, Rule of five Numbers.--
Rule of Fellowihip, fimaple, and with Tme.-Aule of Alligation,
medial and alternate.-Rule of Exchbange.-Rule of faife Pofitioys
Jingle and double. See FELLOWSHIP, ALLIGATION, EXCHANGE,
and POSITION.
RULE of Three, or of Proportion, commonly call'd the Golden
RULE, is a Rule which teaches how to find a fourth proportio-
nal Number, to three others given. See PROPORTION.
As if 3 Degrees of the Equator contain 70 Leagues, how.
many do 360 Diegrees, the Circumference of the Earth, contain?
The Rule is this.-IlAltiply the fecond Term 70, by the third 360;
divide the Produd 25200, b the JirfI Term 3: the Sgetien 8400
is the fourth Term required.
The ufe of this Rule is of vafl extent, both, in common Life,
and the Sciences; but has no Place, except where the Proporti-
on of the given Numbers is known.-Suppofe, e. gr. a large VeL'
fel full of Water to empty it felf by a little Aperture; and fup-
pofe 3 Gallons to flow out in 2 Minutes; and it were re-
quired to know in what time ioo Gallons would be thus evacu-
ated ?-Here indeed are three Terms given, and a fourth requi-
red: But as 'tis evident from Experience, that Water flows fafker
at firfi than afterwards, the Quantity of flowing Water is not
proportional to the Time; and therefore the Queftion does not
come under the Rule of Three.
The things which come underCommerce are proportionable to
their Prices; Twice as much of any Commodity coiling twice
as much Money, &c. The Price, therefore, of any Ojiantity of
a Commodity being given, the Price of any other Quantity of
the fame, or the Quantity of the Commodity anfwering to any
other given Sum, is found by the Rule ofhree.-E- gr. If 3 Pounds
coi    I7 s. what will 30 Pounds colt? Since, as 3 Poud are
to 30 Pounds, fo is the Value of the former 17:. to the Value
of the latter. The Queflion flinds thus:
3 lb---30 t-            I7
17
)510 (I70. -     83. lo .