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T<'wo of there f n'd together with al Iron& Chai and
Stpl, ixIchs onare .of gwal:a FUfe to Wpte Enemy
i teIeahs oelf*where. >
T-o:e iFrandd to. be thrown in Breaches, mul41b
made of Oak; and need not be fo big, or the Pickets fo long.
TURNADO       or TKNSADO,  calls them in Latin, Haftiludia; Neidbrigenfis, XMedi-
tationes .Militares ; others Gladiature, others 2ecurfiones
ludicre, &c.
Pope Eugenius II. excommunicated thofe who went to
"u'rwanzenrts, and forbad them Burial in holy Ground.---
K. Henrry II. of France died of a Wound received at a !tur-
nlament. ---One Chiaoux, who had affifled at a Tiirnament
under Charles VIII. faid very happily ; If it be in .Earneft,
'Iis too little i If in 7efl, too much.
'Tis to the Exercife of 71urnaments that we owe the firfi
Ufe of Armories; of which, the Name Blazonry, the Form
of the Efcutcheons, the Colours, principal Figures, the
Mantlings, Labels, Supporters, ec. are undeniable Evidences.
See ARMs.
In Germany, 'Swas anciently a Cuflom  to hold a folemn
Otrnjament every three Years, to ferve as a Proof of Nobi-
lity.._- For the Gentleman who had aflifed at Two, was
fufficiently blazon'd and publifh'd, i. e. he was acknowledged
Noble, and bore two Trumpets by way of Crefi on his 2ur-
nament Cask. - Thofe who had not been in any 71irnaments,
had no Arms, though they were Gentlemen. See NOBILITY,
DESCENT, &C.
TURNETUM, in our old Law-books, a Duty paid to
the Sheriff for holding his Turn or County-Court. See
TuRN and SHERIFF.
TURNING, a Branch of Sculpture; being the Art of
fafhioning hard Bodies, as Brafs, Ivory, Wood, &c. into a
round or oval Form, in a Lathe. See LATHE.
Turning is performed, by putting the Subilance to, be
turned, upon two Points, as an Axis ; and moving it about on
that Axis; while an edge Tool fet fleady to the Outfide of
the Subftance,in a Circumvolutionthereof, cuts off all the Parts
that lie further off the Axis, and makes the Outfide of that
Subflance Concentric to the Axis.
The Invention of Ir2fing appears to be very ancient,
-- Some, indeed, to do Honour to the Age, will have it
brought to Perfetion by the Moderns; but if what
 Pli4y, and fome other ancient Authors relate, be true, that
the Ancients turned thofe precious Vifes, enrich'd with
Figures and Ornaments in Relievo, which we Pfill fee in the
Cabinets oF the Curtis; it muff be owned, that all that
has been added in thef Ages, makes but a poor Amends for
wat we loft of the manner of sin   of the Ancients; Set
SC&LPT        , :E.


TUS


Lathet are  Cfes and Moanl. of Varloh F* ills le
criio whereof, fe K-4     their r     M rticles.t  i
TUR NSOLE1 TOURNSo         CT 4RNSOL. .Siee  a SNAG
TURPENTI4NE, TEREBENTUINA, a tranfparent Guq
for Refin flowing either Natturally or y ncfo  fm  fval
r^....~~~~~~~~ loci                ,..o  !zc~
fatty refnoish Trees; fiuch as the k4ret   Larch, Ptne,
Fir, Le. See GUM and RESINIFROUs
We dAifinguilh feveral Kinds of 7tupenties; as that of
Caios that of Venice, that of Rourdeaux, that of reprtus,
Ctrasbo tg, at'
The      entine of Cbio, which is the only genuin Kind,
and that which gives the Denomination to all the refi, is a
whitifh Refin, bordering a little on the Green, very clear
and a little odoriferous; drawn by Incifioa from a Tree
called 7erebinthus, very common in that Ifland, as allo in
Cyprus, and fomne Parts of France and Spin.
The Gum mull be chofen of a Solid Confiflence, almocft
without either Tafte or Smell, and not at all Tenacious,
which diflinguifhes it from the falfe Turpentine of Venice,
commonly fublituted for it, which has a firong Smell, a
bitter Tafte, and flicks much to the Finger. --- This frurpen-
tine of Chio is indifputably the bel; but its scarcity
occations it to be little in ufe.      bi
The Zurpentine of Fenice, is falfly fo called, for though
there was a 72"rpentine anciently brought from Venice, yet
that now fo called,comes all from DZauphine. --- 'Tis liquid,
of the Confiflence of a thick Syrop, and whitilh; and Rows
either fpontaneoufly, or by Incifion from Larches, Firs and
Pines, chiefly in the Wood de Pilatze.
That flowing naturally, call'd by the Peafants,,Aijon, is a
kind of Balm not inferior in virtue to that of Peru, to which
it is frequently fubftituted. - That drawn by Incifion, after
the Tree has ceas'd to yield fpontaneoufly, is of very cone
fiderable Ufe, in Ieveral Arts, and 'tis even of this that
Varnifhlis made. See VARNISH.
It mull be chofen White and Tranfparent, and Care be
taken it han't been counterfeited with Oil of Turpentine.,
The 7tirpentine of Bourdeaux' is white and thick as Honey.
-     It does not ooze from the Tree in the Manner it is fent
to us; but is properly a Compofition, wherein, among other
Ingredients, is a white hard Sort of Rofin called Gralipor.
See PIcTH.
The tIurpentine of Strasbourg, Dantzic, gG. is that mof
commonly ufed among us; and is preferr'd, by our People,
to that of Venice, which it is diflinguilh'd from, by its green
Hue.
The Ufes of Turpentine in Medicine, are innumerable.
-_'Tis a great Vulnerary, and very Detergent, and as fuch
is prescribed in all Abfceffies and Ulcerations, &;c. It pro-
motes Expedtoration, and as fuch is prescribed in Difeafes
of the Lungs and Breaft: But it is moll famous for clearing
the Urinary Pafages, and as fuch prescribed in Obftruaions
of the Reins, in Gontiorhxas, g)c.
Oil of TURPENTINE. --- There are two Kinds of Oils
drawn from Turpentine by Diflillation; the firfl White, the
fecond Red; both efleem'd as Balfoms proper for the Cure
of Wounds, Chilblains, Tèc. But they are fo little ufed
among us, that 'tis not eafy to procure either of them,
What is commonly fold under the Name of Oil of 'urf en-
tine, or Etherial Oil, is only a Diffillation of the Rofin called
Galipot, frefh from the Tree. -- It is ufed with Succefs in
the Cutre of green Wounds, as alfo by the Painters, Farriers,
VX4. - To be good, it muff be clear and white as Water,
of a Ifrong penetrating Smell, and very inflammable.
TURUNDA, in Chirurgery, a Tent; or any thing to be
thruff into an Orifice or Cavity. See TENT, Fe  I:
TUSCAN, in Architec'urej the firf, fimpleff, and mod
Maffive of the five Orders. See ORDER.
The Tufran Order takes its Name from an ancient People
of Lydia, who coming out of 4ia to people 7ufcany, firil
executed it in fome Temples, which they built in their new
Plantations,
VZtru-vius calls the TUfcan, the Ruftic Order; with whom
agrees M. de Chambray, who in his Parallel, fays, it ought
never to be ufed but in Country-houfes and Palaces. M. le
Clerc adds, that in the manner Vitruvius, Palladio and fome
others, have ordered it, it does not deferve to be ufed at all.
But in 'Ignola's Manner of Conmpofition, he allows it a
Beauty, even in its Simplicity; and fuch as makes it proper
not only for private Houfes, but even for public Buildings,
as in the Piazzas of Sciuares and Markets ; in the Magazines
and Granaries of Cities; and even in the Offices and lowet
Apartments in Palaces.
The Ttfcan has its Charaffer and Proportions, as well as
the other Orders; but we have no ancientt Monmen to
give us any regular Sifcar Order for a Standard.
M. Perrault obferves, that the Clharafers of te f_
Are nearly the fame with thofe of the f      and  dds
that the T7ufcan is, in effe&l, no other thante'  i ma
Comeewhat ftronger, by the ohoi        th S         th
I, ,, £ £ .             Cumn MSA1~ ,..


TUR