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praais'd in Porg41, and fome other Countries. See VIP-
CINITY.
And yet Authors are not agreed as to the Exiflence
of finch hymefn. Nothing) Dr. rake obferves, has em-
ploy'd the Curiofity of Anatomiis, in diffefling the Organs
of Generation in Women, more than this Part : They differ
not only as to its Figure, Subflance, Place, Perforation, but
even its Reality i fome positively affirming, and others flatly
denying it.
. De Graif himfelf, the mofI accurate Inquirer into the
Struture oft thefe Organs, confefres, he always fought it in
vain, tho' in the moll unfufpeaed Subjeds and Ages: All
be cou'd find, was a different Degree of Streightefs or Wide-
nefs, and different Corrugations, which were greater or lefs
according to the refpedfive Ages; the Aperture being fill
the lefs, and the Rugofities the greater, as the SubjeA was
younger, and more untouch'd.
Dr. Drake, oh the other Hand, declares, that in all the
Subjec&s he had had Opportunity to examine, he does not
remember to have mifs'd the Hymen fo much as once, where
he had reafon to depend on finding it. The faireft View he
ever had of it, was in a Maid who dy'd at 3o Years of Age:
In this, he found it a Membrane of fome Strength furnilh'd
with flefhy Fibres, in Figure round, and perforated in the
Middle with a fmall Hole capable of admitting the End of
a Woman's little Finger, fituate a little above the Orifice of
the urinary Pafrage, at the Entrance of the Vagina of the
Womb.
In Infants, it is a fine thin Membrane, not very confpicu-
ous, becaufe of the natural Streightnefs of the Paffage it-
felf, which does not admit of any great Expanfion in fo little
a Room; which might lead de Graaf into a Notion of its
being no more than a Corrugation.
This Membrane, like moil others, does probably grow
more diffina, as well as firm, by Age. That it is fometimes
very frong and impervious,may be colleaed from the Hiflory
of a Cafe reported by Mr. Go'per: In a marry'd Woman, 2o
Years of Age, the hymen was found altogether impervious,
fo as to detain the Menfes, and to be driven out by the Pref-
fure thereof, beyond the Labia of the Pudendum, not unlike
a Prolapfus of the Uterus. On dividing it, at leaft a Gallon
of grumous Blood came forth. It feems the Husband, being
deny'd a Paffage that Way, had found another thro' the Mea-
tus Urinarius, which was found very open, and its Sides-ex-
truded like the Anus of a Cock. See MEATUS.
Upon a Rupture of the Hymen, its Parts Ibrinking up,
are fuppos'd to form thofe little flefhy Knots, call'd Carun-
cuhe Myrtiformes. See MYRTIFORMES Carunclhe.
HYMEN is alfo us'd by Botanifis for a fine delicate Skin,
wherewith Flowers are inclos'd while in the Bud, and which
burfis as the Flower blows or opens. See BuD.
The Hymen is particularly us'd in fpeaking of Rofes.
HYMN, a Song or Ode in Honour of God; or, a Poem
proper to be fung, compos'd in Honour of fome Deity.
See SONG and ODE.
The Hymns or Odes of the Ancients generally confifled of
three Stanzas or Couplets ; the firfi call'd Strophe; the fe-
cond, Antiflrophe; and the lafd Epode. See STROP HE, AN-
'TISTROP HE, and EPODE.
The Word is form'd of the Greek, vcar, Hymn, of the
Verb cJe, celebro, I celebrate. -- Ifidore, on this Word, re-
marks, that Hymn is properly a Song of Joy, full of the
Praifes of God; by which, according to him, it is difcin-
guifh'd from 5Threna, which is a mourning Song, full of
Lamentation. See THRENA.
St. IHilary, Bifhop of Poifiers, is Laid to have been the
firft that compos'd Hymns to be fung in Churches: He was
follow'd by St. Arzbrofe. Mofi of thofe in the Roman Bre-
viary were compos'd by Prudentius. They have been tranf-
lated into Frencb Verfe by the Mefflieurs de Port Royal. See
'PSALM.
The e iDeum is alfo commonly call'd a Hymn, tho' it be
not in Verfe; fo is the Gloria in excel/s. See TE DEUM
and GLORI A in excelfis.
In the Greek Liturgy, there are four Kinds of Hymns;
but then the Word is not taken in the Senfe of a Praife offer'd
in Verfe, but fimply of Laud or Praife.--The Angelic Hymn,
or Gloria in excelfis, makes the firfi Kind; the Trifagion the
fecond; the Cherubic Hymn the third; and the Hymn of
Vidory and Triumph, call'd imwi4vUO-, the laft. See TRi-
SAGIGN.
HYOLDES, in Anatomy.---The Os Hyoides, call'd alfo
DJicorne, is a Bone fituate at the Root of the Tongue, making,
as it were, the Bafis or Foundation thereof. See [ONGuE.
It is thus call'd from its imperfea Refemblance of the
Greek Upfilon v; the Word being form'd of u and etA;, Form;
for which Reafon it is alfo call'd  foides and Hypflloides.
It generally confifds, in Adults, of three little Bones; and
in Children of five or fix. The middle Bone of the three,
which is the Shortefd and broadeff, is call'd the Baais, and
the two Side Bones Cornua or Horns; whence alfo the Ap-
pellations IBicorne and Ceratoides.


The Balis of the LAysides is about a Thumb's Brath
long on the outer Side, which Is convex; the inner being
concave. It is half a Finger broad, and has a fiall Protu-
berance in the Middle. The Cornua are an Inch and half
long, and broader at Bottom than at the Extremes, which
are about two Inches afunder.
It has two cartilaginous Procetles, call'd Cornicula, falen'd
about the Junflure of its Gornaa with the Bafis. They are
ty'd to the Procefthes Styloides by long lender Ligaments;
tho' fometimes between them and the Styloides there is found
a fimall Mufcle, befide the Styloceraeooyoies.
The Bafis of this Bone lies, as it were, on the Head of
the Larynx; and its Horns are faflen'd by Ligaments to the
upper Proceffes of the Gartilago Scutiformis, and Styloides.
See LARYNX, SCUTIFORMIS, SC.
It is mov'd by five Pair of Mufcles, viz. the Sternobyoide.
umn, the Coracobhyides, the Mylolyoideum, Geniabyoideam,
and Stylobycideum. See each under its proper Article STER-
NOHYOIDEUM, CORACOHYOIDFS, SC.
HYOTHYROIDES, in Anatomy, a Pair of Mufiles of
the Larynx. See LARYNX.
They rife from the anterior Part of the Os Hyoides, and
are inferted into the Cartilago Thyroides. --They ferve as
Antagonifis to the Sternothyroides; and lift up the Thyroid
Cartilage.
The Word is compounded of Hyoidcs and 7byroides. See
TH itH otxEs, tgC.
HYPALLAGE, or Immutation, a Grammatical Pigure,
whereby, of diffirentExpreffions which give the fame Idea, we
make Choice of that which is leall us'd; or, when there is
a mutual Permutation or Change of Cafes, Moods, RegimensJ
Wc. See FIGURE.
As, in this Inflance, DVare Clafbues Aufiros, inflead of
Dare Clagfes Auflris.
The Word is Greek, vwx^Aui, form'd of      urg     , I
change; compos'd of usm and eAvT7w, I change; of aAhe,
alter, another.
HYPAPANTE or HYP ANTE, a Name which the Greeks
give to the Peafi of'the Purification of the Holy Virgin5 or the
Prefentation of Jefus in the Temple. See PURIFICATION.
The Word literally expreffies meetirg; by reafon of the
Meeting of old Simeon and    Anna the Prophetefs in the
Temple, at the Time the Child Jefus was brought thither.
fThe Words Hypante and Hypapante are Greek, t'ad"jo and
v=e rin, which properly ] nify humble and lowly Meeting -
being  compounded of vm, under, beneath, and dp4v,
meet, oF=v7n, contra, againfl.
HYPER, a Greek Word, us'd in the Compofition of di-
vers Terms deriv'd from that Language.
The Greek Prepofition,      f, loyper, literally fignifies
above, beyond; and, in Comyofition, expreffes fome Excefs,
or fomething beyond the Signification of the fimple Word it
is join'd witch --Hence,
HYPERBATON, in Grarnmar and Rhetoric, a Tranf-
pofition; or, a figurative Confiruction, inverting the natural
and proper Order of the Terms of a Difcourfe. See TRANS-
POSITION.
The Hvperbaton, Longinus obferves, is no other than a
Tranfpofal of Sentiments or Words out of the natural
Order and Method of Difcourfe; and always implies great
Violence or Strength of Paffion, which naturally hurries a
Man out of himfelf; and diftracts him varioufly. --hTbucy_
dides is mofi liberal in IHyperbatons.
f  uivtilian calls the Hyperbaton, Ferbi tranrgreqro. -- It is
of ufe to enliven and animate the Difcourfe: It is very proper
to exprefs a violent Paffion, and reprefent an Agitation of
Mind in the livelieff Manner.
The Word is deriv'd of the Greek, Jmpoodyv, traqfgredior,
I go beyond5 form'd of 4me, ultra, beyond, and kLav, eo, I go.
HYPERBOLA, in Geometry, one of the Curve Lines,
form'd by the SeElion of a Cone. See CONIC S&&ion.
The Hyperbola arifes when the Plane that cuts the Cone
is not parallel to one of its Sides, as it is in the Parabola ;-
but diverges from it outwards, not inward, as in the F. ipfis.
See PARABOLA and ELLIPSIS.
Thus: If the Cone ABC (Tab. Conicks, Fig. 2 7.) be fo
cut, as that the Axis of the Seftion D Q continu'd, concur
with the Side of the Cone A C, continu'd to E; the Curve
arifing from this Seaion is an Hlperbela. See CONE.
Some Authors define the Hyperbola to be a Section of the
Cone, by a Plane parallel to its Axis. But this Definition is
fruiy For tho' it be true that fuch a Seflion really de-
fcribes a Hyperbola; yet it is likewife true, that a thoufand
others may be defcrib d where the Plane is not parallel to the
Axis, and which of Confequence are not included in the
Definition.
Authors fometimes call the Plane terminated by this
Curve, by Hyperbola; and in refpe&t hereof, call the Curve
itfelf the Hyperbolic Line.
A Hyperbola may be defin'd, with refpea to its Properties,
to be a Curve Line, wherein the Square of the Semi-ordinate
is to the Redangle of the Abfcifs into a right Line com-
pounded