PA R


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There maybe a Tenant toa Lord,thatholdeth hinfelfof ano-
ther Lord 5 the former Lord is called Lorad ;MPe ; and the
other, Lord Paramoint. But even the Term Lord Para-
mount, is only cornparative: for as one Man may be great, com-
pared to a lef, and little, being compared with a greater; So
none fim ply feems to be Lord Paramountbut the King, who is
Patron Paramount to all the Beneficesin England. See KING.
PATRON, beC.
PARAMESE, in the antient Mufic, the ninth Chord or
Sound in the 2Diagramma or Scale of Mufic. See DiA-
GR AMM A.
The Word is Greek, and fignifies juxta mediam, next to the
Middle; its Situation in the firfi State of the Scales, being
next the Mefe ormiddle Chord. See CHORD.
PARANYMPH, PARANYMPHUS, atbong the Anti-
ents, the Perfon who waited on the Bride, and direded the
Nuptial Solemnities ; called alfo Azfpex, becaufe the Cere-
mony begun with taking Auflices.
In ffriftnefs, however, the Paranymph only officiated on the
Part of the Bridegroom; on the Part of the Bride, 'twas a
Woman officiated, call'd the Prornba.
The Jews had likewife a Kind of Paranymphs, which the
Talmud and the Rabbins call DsoW1iv Schvfchebim, q. d.
Companions of the Spoufe. The IVth Council of Carthage
appoints, that,when the married Couple come to ask the Priefi's
Bleffing, they be prefented, either by their Fathers and Mo-
thers, or by the Paranympbs.
PARAPET, in Fortification, a Defence or Skrecn, on the
Outfide of a Rampart, raifed fix or feven Foot high, to cover
the Soldiers and the Cannon from the Enemy's Fire. See DE-
FENCE.
Parapets are raifed on all Works, both within and without
the Place ; and even on the Approaches. See WOR X.
The Parapet Royal, or that of the Rampart, is to be of
Earth, Cannon-proof, from i8 to 2o Foot thick. See RAM-
PART. Before the Parapet is a Ban quette, or little Eminence,
a Foot and half high, for the Soldiers to frand on. See BAN-
QUETTE.
The Parapet of the Wall is of Stone. The Parapet ofthe
Trenches is either made of the Earth dug up, Gabions, Faf-
cines, Sacks of Earth, or the like.
The Parapet of the Corridor is the Glacis or Efplanade. See
ESPLANADE.
PARAPET, is alfo a little Wall, breafl-high, rais'd on the
Brinks of Bridges, Keys, or high Buildings; to fcrve as a
Stay; and prevent People's tumbling over.
Borel gives us, from Jof Maria Subrefius, a curious Col-
letion of Names, which the Antients and Moderns have given
to this Kind of Parapets: The Latins called them Sub-
arrse, and Baftice, whence the Names Baj~ion and EaJtile.
They alfo called them Pagineumata loric', and Antemuralia.
The Spaniards called them Barbacanes; the Italians, Para-
petti, becaufe of their defending the Breaft, petto ; whence
our Parapet.
PARAPH, a particularCharaaer, Knot, or Flouriffi, which
People habituate themfelves to make always in the fame Man-
ner at the End of their Name, to prevent their Signature from
being counterfeited. See GYY H ER.
The Parapl of the Kings of France is a Grate, which the
Secretaries always place he ore their own, in all Letters, 8ec.
Menage derives the Word from Paragrafhits.
PARAPHERNALIA, or PARAPHERNA, in the Ci-
vil Law, thofe Goods which a Wife brought her Husband, be-
fides her Dower, and which were fill to remain at her Dif-
pofal, exclufive of her Husband; unlefs there were fome par-
ticular Provifion made to the contrary, in the Marriage Con-
trad. See DowER.
In his Rebus quas extra fDotem Mzilier habet Ee) qvas Grrci
Vdeytzipta vscant, izullam,Uxorepohibente, Virhabeatcommu-
ulonem. Cod. de paais.
The grand Cuflomary of Normandy, gives a different Senfe
to the Word: It calls Paraphernalia the Moveables, Linnen,
and other Female Neceffaries, which are adjudged to the
Wife, in prejudice of the Creditors, when Jhc renounces the
Succeflion of her Husband.
The Word is form'd from the Greek Prae beyond,or overland
'D 2dos, Dower.
PARAPHIMOSMS, in Medicine, a Diforder of the Penis,
wherein the Prepuce is Tfrunk, and withdrawn behind the
Glans, fo as not to be capable of being brought to cover the
fame. SeePREPUCE and GLANS.
This happens oftenefi in venereal Diforders, where the Hu-
mnours of a Gleet frequently prove fo fharp, as to caufe this Re-
traction. There fometimes arifes a Neceffity in this Cafe to
fnip or cut thePrepuce open,otherwife the Humours will be pent
up under it, and do a great deal of Mifchief. See PHIMOSIS.
PARAPHRASE, an Explication of fome Text in clearer
and more ample Terms, whereby we fupply what the Author
might have faid or thought on the Subjec?.
Colometivs looks on Erafmres's paraphrafes on the New Te-
,fanienti as fuch extraordinary Works, that he makes no
fcfuple to declare, he thinks the Author to have been divinely
infpired, when he penn'd 'em.


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P A R


Chaldee PARPAPRRASE, is a Phrafe frequent anion
Critics and Divines. There are three Chaldee Tarkhri
the Pentateuch. That of Onkeos, which fome take to
fame with Aqiila: And which others take to have bee
onkelos which the Talmudifis, in the Treatife Gittin, r
Nephew of the Emperor 5Titits. See PENTATEUCH.
The fecond is a Paraphrafe of Jonathan; the third is
the '-argum of Jerufaem. See TARGUM.
The Chaldee Paraphrafe on the Prophets is of sin.
Son of Uziel, whom fome confound with SIheoeotion.
The Author of the Chaldee Paraphrafe on the Hag
phic Books is unknown. Some attribute it toone Jofeji
named the Squinter; others to Rabbi Akilas. Othe
there is fo much Difference in the Style, that no one.
can have been the Author.
PARAPHRENESIS, or PARAPHRENETIS, c
RAPHRENITIS, in Medicine, a Kind of Phrenz
Caufe whereof was attributed, by the Antients, to an Is
mation of the Ventricle, the Liver, and efpecially th
phragm. See PHRENZY.
They alfo called it a feuo SlPhrenefts, falfe Phrenzy,
finguiffi it from the true one, which they made to confif
Inflammation of the Brain and its Meninges.
The Moderns don't make any fuch Diiiin&ion in Phrc
They all come from the fame Caufe; but that Caufe is r
an Inflammation of the Brain, nor of the Diaphragm.
MANIA, MELANCHOLLY, CC.
Tarathrenitis, among the modem Phsficians, is an I
mation of the Mediajinum, or Pleura, about the Diapf.
attended with a continual Fever, and exquifite Pain i
Parts affe~ted, on contracting the abdominal Vefrels, as
Delirium and arifing of the Hypochondria.
PARAPLEGIA, or PARAPLEXIA, in Medicine,
cies of Paralyfis, or Palfy, ufually Succeeding an Ape
See PALSY and APOPLEXY.
The Paraplegia is a general Palfy, affeating the who
dy, the Head alone excepted. Bcerhaave defines it an I
bility of all the Mufcles below the Head, that have I
from the Cerebrum and Cerebellum.
Sometimes, Senfation as well as Motion are deflroyed h
Sometimes only one of them.
Its Original is ufually fuppofed to be fome Diforder,
firuction in the fourth Ventricle of the Brain, or in the
ning of the fpinal Marrow.
Etmuller diffinguifhes the Paraplegia from the Pa"
The Paralyyis, according to him, is a Relaxation and
lution of the Ligaments and Members mini fring to M
not from any Obflru~tion of the Nerves, but friom a Reiblution


of the nervous Parts:  Whereas the Paraplegia arifes from
fome Obfcrucaion of the Nerves.
The latter ufually fucceeds an Apoplexy, Epilepfy, Con-
vulfions, Vertigo's; the former, the Scorbutus, Hypochondri-
cal Difeafe, Colic, Fc.
The Word comes from the Greek dore  much, and 'rAT7e-fv
to firike.
PARAPLEXIA, in Medicine. See PARAPLEGIA.
PARASANG, an antient Perfian Meafure, dilTerent at
different Times, and in different Places; fometimes it is ;o,
fometimes 40, and Sometimes 50 Stadia or Furlongs. See
MEASURE and STADIUM.
The Word, according to Littleton, has its Rife from Pa-
rafch Aingarius, q. d. the Space a Poft-man rides from one Sta-
tion, 4ngaria, to another.
PARASCENIUM, or Pojfrcenium, among the Romans,
was a Place behind the Theatre, whither the Actors withdrew
to drefs, undrefs, Fc, c. See THEATRE .
PARASCEVE, the fixth Day of the laft Week of Lent,
popularly, Good-Friday.
St. john fays our Saviour was crucified on the Parafceve of
the Paffover, i. e. on the Eve or Day of Preparation of the
Paffover: For Ifilore and Papias obferve, that the Word in
the original Greek fignifies Preparation, and was applied
among the J7ews to Friday, becaufe on that Day they ured to
prepare what was neceffary for the Celebration of the Sabbath.
See PASSOVER.
Hence what our Tranflation of the new Terament renders
Preparation of the Sabbath, M. Simon, and fome others call
Parafceve. See PREPARATION.
PARASELENE, in Phyfiology, I.fock-Mocn, a Meteor, or
Phznomenon, encompaffing the Moon, in form of a luminous
Ring; wherein is fometimes obferv'd one, fometimes two ap-
parent Images of the Mooon.
The Parafelenes are form'd after the fame Manner as the
Parhelia, or Mock-Suns. See PARHELION.
The Word is form'd from the Greek TAd near, and aeiAnr
Moon.
PARASITE, PARASITUS, among the Greeks, was ori-
ginally a, very reputable Title; the Parafites being a King of
Priefis, or at lean Miniflers of the Gods; in the famne manner,
as at Rome were the Epunes. See EPULONES.
They took care of the facred Ccrn  or the Corn de&fined for
the Service of the Temples and the Gods, viz. Sacrifices,
3            p                         Feafis,