( I 0


pos'd of A, a Particle of Augmentation, us'd to denote an
enormous Greatnefs; and xjev7ujtg, Centaur. Jujliniani
adds two other Etymologies of this: the Arfi from bis, and
taurus, or rather Centaurus, the name of one of Aneas's
Vef~hls in Virgil: The other from  Bucentaurns, for Du-
conaurus, a Word forg'd to fignify a Vefrel capable of
of holding zoo Men.
BUCG PHALUS, Bullock's Head, fiom the Greek Aw,
bos, and xeixn, Head. It was the Cultom among the
Antients to imprefs fome Mark on their Horfes; the moft
common were a a, Sigma, a K, Kappa, and a Buillock's
Head. Hence thofe marVd with I's, were call'd Xvwoev
thofe with a K, Ko=tJ1iXs; and thofe with a Bull's Head,
Bcuarestaot, Bucephali.  This Mark was ftamp'd on the
Horfe's Buttocks, and his HarneM es; as appears from the
Scholialf on Arijlophanes's Clouds Hefychts, &c
BUCKLER, a piece of defenfive Armour, us'd by the
Antients to Green their Bodies from the Blows of their
Enemies. See the Buckler of Achilles defcrib'd in Homer,
that of Afrneas in Virgil, that of Hercules in Wiod:
Ajax's Buckler was lin'd with feven Bulls Hides. The
Shield Succeeded the ure of the Buckler: Yet the Spani-
ards fQill retain the Sword and Buckler in their Night-
Walks. The Word comes from Brculariuzm ; on account
of the Buckles wherewith the Antients adorn'd their !Buck-
lers. In the Days of corrupt Latin, we frequently find
RBiccula Clypei, the Buckle of the Ruckler.  Th-bomajin
derives it from fBucca, Mouth or Throat; becaufe it was
ufual to have Heads, Eec. reprefented on Bucklers. See
SHIELD.
fihicklers on Medals, are either us'd to fignify publick
Vows render'd to the Gods for the Safety of a Prince; or
that he is ePreem'd the Defender and Prote~lor of his Peo-
ple: Thefe were call'd Votive fBucklers, and were hung at
Altars, &)c.
BUCOLICKS, TPaforals, a Term ufed for a kind of
Poems relating to Shepherds, and Flocks. Bucolick Poetry
is the mott ancient of all the Kinds of Poetry; and is fup-
pos'd to have had its Origin in Sicily, amidfL the Mirth
and Diverfions of the Shepherds ; and to have been infpir'd
by Love and Idlenefs: By degrees, their Rural Gallan-
tries were brought under Rules, and became an Art. The
Concerns of the Flocks, the Beauties of Nature, and the
Pleafure of a Country Life, were their principal Subjeas.
J.fofchus and Bion, were the mofd agreeable among the an-
tient Rucolick Poets. Fontenelle obferves, that 1iheocri-
tus's Stile is fometimes a little too Bucolick. Some Au-
thors attribute the Invention of Bucolick Poetry to a Shep-
herd call'd Daphnis ; and others to Bucolius, Son of Lao-
7nedon: But this appears all Fiaion. The Word is deriv'd
from the Greek 964, and xoxov, cibus, Meat ; hence RsKoom,
to feed Cattle; and EgKxxe, bubulus, Herdfman.
BUD, is a weaned Calf of the firft Year; focalled, be-
caufe the Horns are then in the Bud.
BVus, among Gardeners, the firfl Tops of mofi Sallad
Plants, b-c. which are preferable to all other lefs tender
Parts. See CYON.
BUFF, in Commerce, a fort of Leather prepar'd from
the Skin of the Buffelo, a wild Beall refembling an Ox,
but longer and bigger ; having large thick Horns, Short
black Hair, and a very fmall Head; common enough in
the Levant, particularly about Smyrna, Codflantinople, &c.
where, as well as in Italy, they are frequently tam'd, and
wrought, as we do Oxen.
The Skin of this Animal being drefs'd in Oil, after the
ranner of Shammy, or Chamois, makes what we call
Buff-Skin; antiently much ufed among the Military Men,
for a kind of Coats or Doublets; and ftill retain'd by fome
of our Grenadiers, as well as the French Gend'armery, on
account of its exceeding Thicknefs and Firmnefs. 'Tis al-
fo ufed for Wafie-Belts, Pouches, &c. This Skin makes a
very confiderable Article in the Englikh, French, and
Dzutch Commerce, at Conflantinople, Smyrna, and the
Coafis of Africa.
The Skins of Elks, Oxen, and    other like Animals,
when drels'd in Oil, and, prepar'd after the fame manner
as that of the B:qjelo, are likewife denominated Bdff ; and
us'd for the fame Purpofes. In France, there are a, good
number of confiderable Manufacturies deflin'd for the Pre-
paration of fuch Skins ; particularly at Corbeil, Paris, and
Rouen: Their firil Infitution is owing to the Sieur ffabac,
a Native of Cologne. The manner of Preparation fee un-
der the Article CHAMOIS,
BUFFET, or BUFET, (was antiently a little Apart-
ment, Separated from the reft of a Room, by flender Wood-
en Columns, for the difpofing China and Glafs Ware, ic.
call'd a Cabinet: 'Tis now, properly, a large Table in a
Dining Room, call'd alfo a Si C-Board, for the Plate, Glaf-
fes, Bottles, Bafons, &5c. to be placed, as well for the Ser-
vice of the Table as for Magnificence. The Buftet, a-
mIig the Italians, call'd Credeysza, is enclos'd within a Bal-
luftrade, Elbow high.


BU I


1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
BlUFFOO, san A&or in Farces or a mimick, who al-
vats the Publick by his Pleafintries and Follies. This is
reputed the Talent of the Ialiaen Comedians. Some Auk
thors make the Origin of BPuffihry very antient, deei**
it fiom a Fca inftuted in Atita, by K. Briaaeus, OnJ
occafion of a Prieft, call'd fi'upvn : Whoi after having faq.
crific'd the firfk Bullock on the- Altar of y3pier 'Potion, or
Guardian of the.City, fled hafilys away, withoutany apu
rent Reafhn; leaving the Ax ati other ifirumnen;s of
crifice on the Ground, nor cau'd- either be ftopp'd; or ever
found afterwards. The Infiraments were heeupon deli .
ver'd up to the. judges, and folemnly try'd; -the Ax found
Guilty, and the refl acquitted. This Sacrifice was kept u
in the 'ame   ner the following Years: The Prie fled
as the firfi; and the Ax condemni'd. As the whl C4-
remony was perfefly Burlefque, the Words Buffoons and
Buffoonries have been fince apply'd to all ridiculous Mum
meries and Farces: This Hi{+ory is related by  dogis.;
Menage, after Salmafius, derives the Word from.9uffo; a;
Name given to thofe who a pear'd on the Roman Thea-
ter with their Cheeks blow d up; that receiving Blows
thereon, they might make the greater Noife, and fet the}
People a laughing.,
BUGGERY, Sir Edwzard Coke defines, Carnalis Ca-
pulk contra Naturamh 0 hoc vet per confufionem Specie-
rum; viz. a Man or Womran with a brute 13eafl: vet
Sexuam, a Man with a Man, or a Woman with a Woman:
each kind is Felony, without Benefit of Clergy. In antient
Times, fuch Oflieders were burnt by the Common Law.
Buggery is generally excepted out of a General Pardon.
The Pralice is faid to have been introduc'd into England
by the Lombards: It is fuppofed to take its Name from the
antient Rugarians.
BUILDING, D'aviler defines, any Place ercaed b
Art, whether for Convenience, for Religion, or Magn
cence. See HousE, TEMPLE, THEATER.
A Regular Building, is that whofe Plan is Square, its
oppofite Sides equal, and the Parts difpos'd with Symmetry.
An Irregular !uilding, is that, on the contrary, whofe
Plan is not contain'd within equal or parallel Lines, either
by the Nature of its Situation, or the Artifice of the
iuilder 5 and whofe Parts have not any jufi Relation
to one another in the Elevation. An Infolated Building,
is that which is not attach'd, join'd, or contiguous to
any other; or is encompafs'd with Streets, or any open.
Square, or the like ; as St. 'Paul's, the Monument,
&c. A .Building is faid to be engag'd, when it is encom-
pafs'd with others, and has no Front towards any Street or
publick Place, nor any Communication without, but by a
back Paflage. An interr'd, or funk !Ruilding, is that
whofe Area is below the Level of the adjacent Street,
Court, or Garden, Wc. and whofe lowef. Courfes of Stone
are hid.
Felibien confiders three Kinds of Buildings in Architec-
ture; xI. Sacred B6'ildings; as the Temples of the Antients,
and our Churches and Chappels. 2. Publick Buildings;
as Bafilicks, or Courts of Juilice, Tombs, Theaters, Am-
phitheaters, Triumphal Arches, Gates, Bridges, Aque-
dufs, &c. 3. Palaces, and private Houfes: Each of which
fee under their proper Heads, BASILIC, CHURCH, AMP}I-
THEATER, &C.
BUILDING is alfo us'd for the confiruaingor raifing of an
Edifice; in which Senfe it comprehends, as well the Ex-
penfes, as the Invention and Execution of the Defign there-
of See ARCHITECTURE.
In BJuilding there are three Things in view, viz. Com-
modity, Pirmnefs, and Delight: To attain thefe Ends,
Sir Henry Wotton confiders the whole Subject under two
Heads, viz. the Seat or Situation, and the Work. For the
Situation, either that of the Whole is to be confider'd, or
that of its Parts.
For the firfi, regard mufi be had to the Quality, Tem-
perature, and Salubrity of the Air; the Conveniency of
Water, Fuel, Carriage, fec. and the Agreeablenefs of the
Profpe&. For the fecond, the chief Rooms, Studies, Li-
braries, Eec. to lie towards the Eaft; Offices that require >
Heat, as Kitchens, Diflillatories, Brew-houfes, &C. to the
South: Thofe that require a cool fiefh Air, as Cellars
Pantries, Granaries, Cec. to the North: As alfo Galleries
for Painting, Mufeums, Tc. which require a fleady Light.
He adds, that the antient Greeks and Romans, generallyi
fituated the Front of their Houfes to the South: But the
modem Italians vary from this Rule. Indeed, in this Mat-
ter, regard mufft fill be had to the Country; each being
oblig'd to provide againfl its refpe6live Inconveniences I
So that a good Parlour in egypt, might make a good C
lar in England. See SITUATION.
For the fecond Head, the Situation being fix'd on, the
next thing to be confider'd is the Work: Under this come,
firfil the principal Parts, then the Accefflories, or Ornaments.
Under the Principals, are, firfl, the Materials; then the
Form or Difpofition. The Materials are either Stone, a
3                                Marble,


B U F