PRU                          (94
lNature will provide for the middle. Chufe therefore fuch
Shoots as are not over-vigorous, to furniSh bearing Bran-
ches.
2. Take care the Tree be not left over full of Wood;
nor even of bearing Branches: as is frequently feen in the
blanagement of Peaches, Neiarines, and Cherries.
Nature cannot fupply them  all with Juice enough;
whence, none will be fupply'd well: the confequence of
which is, that either the Bloffoms will, fall off, or the Fruit
dwindle. 'Tis certain, a multitude of Branches crowding
on one another, produces neither fo good, nor fo much
i  Fruit, as where there is a convenient Space; befide the dif-
agreeable Effecl of croffing one another.
3 . All frong and vigorous Branches are to be left longer
on the fame Tree, than weak and feeble ones: confequent-
ly, the Branches of a fickly Tree mutl1 be pruned Shorter,
and fewer in number, than thofe of a itrong healthful
i1T 'ree.
4. All Branches Shooting dire&lIy forward from Trees
that grow againill a Wall, arc to be pruned clofe to the
Branch whence they fpring, Wc.
5. When a Branch well plac'd, either againfi a Wall, or
in a Dwarf, has Shot fome falfe Wood, neither fit for the
M Figure, nor the Fruit prune it off within the Thicknefs of
a Crown piece, or flopingly i tho' this is befi pinched off in
the beginning of Summer.
6. Cut off all branches arifng from hard Knobs, where-


on rear-italks grew; or from  Inort itrait Branches, lice
Spurs.
7. If a Tree, in its Years, have produc'd Branches of
moderate Vigour, and afterwards puts forth irong ones,
well plac'd, tho of falfe Wood; the latter may be ufed as
the Foundation of the Figure, and the other kept a time
for bearing Fruit.
S. When an old Tree Shoots fironger Branches towards
K the bottom than the top, and the top is in ill Cafe, cut it
2 -off, and form a new Figure from the lower ones. If the
top be vigorous, cut off the lower ones, unlefs well plac'd.
9. The Order of Nature in the Produfflon of Roots and
Branches, is, that a Branch is always lefs than that out of
which it fhoots: If this Order be inverted, ufe them as
falfe Wood.
10. Regard to be always had to the Effeals of former
TPrningi in order to correat its Defeas, or continue its
Beauties.
I I. In vtgorous Trees, the weaker Branches are the Fruit-
bearers. In weak Trees, the fironger, chiefly; therefore
in the latter, prune off the feeble and fmall.
- 1z. In vigorous Trees, three good Branches may put
forth at one Eye, or Bud: In which cafe, the two Side-
Branches are generally to be preferv'd, and the middle-
tiioli cut off in May or  i2ne.
i  3. It is difficult to firengthen a weak Branch, without
cutting off others above it : Sometimes it can fcarce be
done, without cutting off the End of the Branch it Shoots
out of.
14. The 'Pruning of vigorous Peach-Trees to be defer'd
till they are ready to bloffom, the better to know which
are likely to bear Fruit.
.   5. Fruit-buds next the Ends of Branches, are common-
ly thicker$ and better ted, than others. In weak Trees,
therefore, it may be beil to prune them early, that the
Sap may not wafte itfelf in fuch parts as are to be re-
treitch'd.
16. The farther a weak Branch is from the Trunk, the
lefs Nourifhment it receives; and therefore the more it is
to be Ihorten'd: but thick Branches, the more diflant they
are from the Heart, the more they receive; and are there-
fore to be remov'd, that the Vigour may extend itfelf to
the middle, or lower part.
1 7. A Branch for Wood mu{} never be pruned without
tfpecial occaSion; as where they annoy others.
IS. If an old well-liking Tree be diforder'd with falfe
Wood, thro' ill Prosing, or want of Pruning; take it
lower, by cutting off a branch or two, yearly ; till it is'fuf-
ficiently reduc'd. Some Trees put forth fo vigorouSly, that
they cannot be reduc'd to compafs in one year, but muft
be allow'd to extend themfelves, otherwife they will pro-
duce falfe Wood.
19. All Trees have a predominant Branch or two, if not
Tnore; yet the more equably the Vigour is divided, the
better  Where it runs much on one fide, it is faulty.
20. The Buds of all Stone-Fruit frequently form them-
relves the fame year in which the Branch they grow on,
is forrn'd: the fame holds of Pears and Apples; tho 'tis
generally, at leafi, two or three Years, e'er the latter come
to perfea ion.
2i. All Shoots put forth in Autumn, are to be pruned
0ft as, naught: The fame may be faid of all faplefs
Branches.
no. When a Tree puts forth much fironger Shoots on one
hhe, than the other i a great part of the firong ones muff


PRY
be cut oJY clofe to the Body, or fome of them  lurmp-wife.1
2 3. In all Trees} lefs Length to be allow'd the weak,
than firong Branches.
24. Upper Branches to be cut of, clofe to others, that
they may heal over: Lower Branches to be cut floping,
or at a little didance, that new ones may grow out of
them.,.
25. If a young crooked Tree produce a fine Branch be-
neath the Crook; cut the Head off clofe to the Branch.
26. Tho' five, fix, or feven Inches, be the ordinary
Lengths Wood-branches are left at; yet mufl this be va-
ry'd, on occafion of the Vigour or Weaknefs of the Tree,
T'hicknefs or Smallnefs of the Branch, the Fullnefs or Va-
cuity of the Place, Efc.
z7. Be careful not to prune many thick Branches, fland-
ing over weak ones; leil the Sap, which fed the larger,
flow fo plentifully into the lefs, as to occafion them to put
forth much ill Wood and Suckers.
28. Branches Shot from the Ends of others, are ufually
good Wood; Sometimes it happens otherwife, and theti
they mull be pruned.
As to the grand yearly Prunings-Fruit-Branches be-
ing of Short continuance, and periShing the firil year
wherein they produce Fruit, arc to be cut off, unlefs they
put forth Sboots for Bloffonis the Succeeding Year. In the
lecond Pruning, about the middle of May, where the
Fruit fo is clofe, as to be like to obflru& each other, fomret
of them and their Branches to be taken off; as mutl alfo the
multitude of young Shoots that caufe Confufion. Branches
more luxurious than others, to be cut clear ofE.  To
preferve old Trees, they mufl be disburden'd, by leaving
few Branches for Wood on them i and thofe to be thor-
ten'd to five or fix Inches; and very few weak ones, and
none dry, and nigh wailed.
PR t NI N G of Forefi or Timber trees.
For large Trees, 'cis befl not to prune them at all ; yet
if there be an abfolute Neceffity for it, avoid taking off
large Boughs as much as poffible; and obferve the fol-
lowing Rules.
I. If the Bough be fmall, cut it fmooth and clofe, that
the Bark may foon cover it , and Sloping, that the Water
may run off.
2. If the Branch be large, and the Tree old, cut it ofi
at three or four Foot from the Stem, or where any young
Shoots are found iffaing out of it.
3. Boughs growing upright, not to be cut crofs over, but
floping upwards. In Boughs leaning from the Head, the
Slope to be on the lower fide.
4. If the Tree grow crooked, cut it off at the Crook, fio-
ping upwards; and nurfe up one of the moll promiling
Shoots for a new Stern. Indeed, in Trees that have great
Piths, as the A 1h, Walnut, &c. we mull be cautious ocut-
ting oEF the Heads.
5. If the Tree grow top heavy, its Head mufl be ligh-
ten'd; and that rather by thinning the Boughs that grow
out of the main Branches, than by cutting off the main
Branches themfelves. But if you would have them rpring,
'cis be{} done by rubbing off the Buds, as they put out
in the Spring, and Shredding up the Side-Shoots.
6. If the Side-boughs full break out, and the Top be able
to fuflain itfelf, give the Boughs that put forth in Spring,
a Pruning afterMidfumrner; cutting them very clofe. This
will caufe the Bark to cover and kill them, fo as never to
fhoot out again, and is the only Method to make a Tree
grow with a fine, firait, handfome Body.
PRUNING of Vines. See VINE.
PRURITUS, a Senfation of the Skin, popularly call'd
Itching ; whicn is fuppofed to arife hence, that the Extre-
mities of the Capillary-Veins being obftrucled, cannot take
up the redundant Blood of the Members, to carry it back
again to the Heart; whence, as there is a freSh Stock of
Blood continually fent into the part by the incetTant Pulfa-
tion of the Heart, the Fibres become preternaturally
firetch'd or diflended: And hence the uneafy, titillating
Senfe of Itching.
PRYTANEUM, in Antiquity, a confiderable Building
in Athens, where the Council of Prytanei anembled, and
where thofe who had render'd any fignal Services to the
Commonwealth, were maintain'd at the publick Expence.
See PRYIrANEUS.
PRYTANEUS, in Antiquity, the firfi Magifirate in molt
of the Cities of Greece.
Ar Athens, there were fifty Prytanei: at Corinth, there
was but one; who was, there, the fame what the Arches
was at Athens. See AacHoN.
The Prytanei of Athens were the Senators who com-
pofed the grand Council that governed the Stei; and cor-
refponded to what we now call, T'he &ates Gencral of twu
United Provinces.


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