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ihade to appeal as if they were, by iteans of thefe Pieces,
or Battens, }radded on the plain Bqard round the Edges,
and Sometimes crofs 'em, and up and down: Hence Batten
ffaors are fuch as feem to be Vainfcot ones, but are not.
Thefe are faid to be either fingle or double, as the Battens
are fitted on to one Side, or tb both.
-BATTERY, in Law, an Act that tends to the Breach
of the Peace of the Realmn by violently fSriking or beat-
ing a Man, who may therefore indict the other Party, or
have his Adion of Trefpafs, or Affault and Battery, again{l
him, (for every Battery Implies an Afauh) and recover fo
much in Colis ahd Damages as the Jury will give.him. Tbhis
A6ion will lie as well before as after the Indiatnent. but
if the Plaintiff made the firil Affault, the Defendant fhall
be quit, and Ithe Plaintiff be amerced to the King foi his
fale Suit'. In forrie CafEs a Man may juilify the beating
another in a moderate manner, as a Mailer his Servant, Lec.
Battery, in War, the Place where the Cannons are plant-
ed to play upon the Enemy. They are ufually placed on
a Platform, confifding of Planks, that fupport the Wheels
of Carriages, and hinder the Weight of the Cannon fiom
finking them into the Ground. The Platform is raifed a
little behind, to check the recoiling of the Pieces. The
Battery of a Camp is ufually furrounded with a Trench and
Pallifadoes at the Bottom, as alfo with a Parapet on the
Top, having as many Holes as there are Pieces of Artille-
ry, and with two Redoubts on the Wings, or certain Places
of Arms capable of covering the Troops which are appoint-
ed for their Defence. In all Batteries, the open Space
left to put the Muzzles of the great Guns out, are called
Embrazures* and the Diflances between the Embrazures,
Merlons.  He1 Guns are generally about IXa Foot difiant
one from another, that the Parapet may be firong, and
the Gunners have room to work. A flunk or buried Bat-
tcrV, is when its Platform is funk or let down into the
Ground, with Trenches cut in the Earth againril the Muz-
zles of the Guns, to ferve for Embrazures. This fort of
Battery, which the French call En Ierre and Ruinante,
is generally ufed upon the firfe making Approaches, to beat
down the Parapet of any Place.
CrofI Batteries are two Batteries at a confiderable Dif-
tance from each other, which play athwart one another at
the fame time, and upon the fame Point, forming right
Angles; where what one Bullet fhakes, the other beats
down. A Battery d'Enfilade is one which fweeps the
whole Length of a firait Line, a Street, Fec. A Battery
en Echarp is that which plays obliquely. A Battery de
Revers, or Murdering Battery, is one that bears upon the
Back of any Place; and being placed on an Eminence,
fees into it. A Battery roint, or par Camerade, is when
feveral Guns play at the fame time upon one Place.
Battery en Rouage is that ufed to difmount the Enemy's
Pieces.
BATTEURS d'ESTRADE, or Scouts, are Horfe fent
out before, and on the Wings of an Army, two or three
Miles, to make Difcoveries; of which they give an Ac-
count to the General.
BATTLEMENTS, Indentures or Notches on the top
of a Wall, Parapet, or other Building, in form of Embra-
zures, for the fake of looking thro 'em, La  Thefe were
much aff~eed in the old Fortification.
BATTOLOGY, in Grammar, is a multiplying Words
without occafion, or a needlefs Repetition of the fame
Words over and over in a Difcourfe; like Battus, a ridicu-
lous Poet mentioned by Ovid, who introduces him, faying,
.Afontibus (inquit) erant, be erant flub montibus illis.


BATTOON, a Term in Heraldry, figni-
fying a fourth part of a Bend-Sinifler: It is
the ufual Mark of Illegitimacy, and is al-
ways borne couped or cut off after this
manner.
Battoon alfo fignifies the Earl-Marfhal's
StafF


BATTUS, a certain Order of Penitents at Avignon, and
in Provence, whofe Piety carries them to exercife fevere
Difcipline upon themfelves, both in publick and private.
BAVINS, in War, Brufh-Faggots made with the Brufh
at length.
BAY, in Geography, a little Gulph, or an Arm of the
Sea, ftretching up into the Land, and larger in the middle
within, than at its Entrance, which is call'd the Mouth of
the Bay. Bay, or Pen, likewife fignifies a Pond-Head
made up a great Height, to keep in Store of Water for
driving the Wheels of the Furnace, or Hammer, belong-
ing to an Iron Mill, by the Stream that comes thence thro
a Pafage, or Flood-gate, call'd the Pen-flock. To bay is
to bark as a Dog does. Among Huntfmen Deer are faid
to bay, when, afer being hard run, they turn head againft
the Hounds.
BAYONET, a lbort-pointed Sword made Lancet-faihi-
on, and having, inflead of an Hilt, an hollow Iron Handle
to fix it at the end of a Mufet, Co as not to hinder its Fi-


BJ A


ring or Charging. All the Troops of the Infantr
them in the Field: They are of great Service to th
goons and Fuzileers, after they have fpent their I
and Ball. This Infirument is allo ufed in huntit
Boar or Bear; for which purpofe 'tis made larger.
BAYS, in Commerce, a kind of coarfe Woollen Stul
open, and not crofs'd, having a long Nap, fomertimes
on one Side, and fometimes not frized, according
Ufes it is intended for. This Stuff is wrought on a ]
with two Treddles, like Flannel. The Manufac&
Bays is very considerable in England, particularly
ebejier; and in Flanders, particularly about Lifi
71ournay, &c. Formerly the Freuch as well as It,
were furnilh'd with Bays from Eixgland; but of lai
French Workmen have undertaken to counterfeit 'et
fet up Manufafures of their own, and that with Su
efpecially at NiMfmes, Montpellier, &c. The Gommt
Bays is very confiderable to Spain, Portugal, and
Their chief Ufe is for Linings, efpecially in the I
The Looking-Glafs-makers uke 'em behind their G
to preferve th Tin or Quickfilver; and the Cafe-r
to line their Cafes.
BDELLIUM, orBedellium, a kind of Gum. The]
is well known among the Learned; but they can't
what it is. 'Tis mention'd in Genefis, c. 2. V.- 1a. at
fephns explains the Paffage, by faying 'tis the Gun
Tree refembling the Olive-Tree; and that the Z
wherewith the 7e-ws were fed in the Defert, refht
this Drug: But Scaliger and others fet afide this I
cation, and own, they don't know what the Bdelliuz
tion'd in Scripture is.
The Bdellium in ufe among us, fcems again to
been unknown to the Antients: Some fay it diflils f
kind of Thorn; others from a Tree refembling that'
produces the Myrrh. Some fay it is produced on the]
of the River Senegal in Africa-; other,, near the Cii
raca in Arabia Felix. When good, 'tis in clear trr
rent Pieces, of a reddifh Grey without; when touch'd
the Tongue, yellow, bitter, foft, and odoriferous. I
ters the Compofition of Mithridate, and the Emplaa
divinum.
BEACON, a Signal for the better fecuring the 1
dom from foreign Invafions: On certain eminent Pla
the Nation are placed long Poles ere&, whereon ar
ten'd Pitch-Barre's to be fir'd by Night, and Smoke
by Day, to give Notice in a few Hours to the whole
dom of an approaching Invafion. Thefe are cont
call'd Beacons; whence comes Beaconage, Money pai
wards the Maintenance of a Beacon. The Word is
ved from the Saxon, Beacnian, to nod, or fignify: I
alfo the Word beckon.
BEAD, in Archite&ure, a round Moulding in th
rintbian and Roman Orders, carved in lhort Emboffin
like Beads in Necklaces. See Baguette. A Bead is u
about ; of a Circle, and only differs from a Boultine ir
nefs. When large, the Worknmen call 'em Boultines
fometimes an Aoragal is thus carved. A Bead-plaini
frequently fet on the Edge of each Fafcia of an Archii
A Bead is often placed on the Lining-Board of a 1
Cafe, and on the upper Edges of Skirting-Boards.
Bead, among the Romanifts. See Chaplet.
BEAD-ROLL, among the Romi/h Prieffs, a Li
Catalogue of fuch Perfons, for the Refl of whofe
they are oblig'd to rehearfe a certain Number of Pr,
,'c. which was done by their Beads.
BEADLE fignifies a Meffenger or Apparitor of a C
who cites Men to the Court to appear and anfwer. It i
an Officer under all Parifhes and Companies. 'Tis mort
an Officer at the Univerfities, whofe Place it is to
before the Mailters. Some fay they are call'd Bt
from a Corruption of Pidelli, as ferving and running on
Others from Pedo, feu Baculo, quia Virga titebansur; i
ing Pedellus from Pedum, a kind of Wand, which is
Symbol; and from Pedellus, Bedellus. Others deriv
Word from the Hebrew7 r'Z bedal, ordinare, to I
or dipofe.  Spelman, ro/Ji s, and Sowner, derii
from the Saxon, Bidel, a publick Crier; in which
Bifhops, in fome antient Saxon2 Manufcripts, are
Beadles of God, !Dei Bedelli. The Tranflator of the ,
Ne'w  l'eflament, renders Excaor by Bydele; arnc
Word is ufed in the fame Senfe in theLaws of Scctk
BEAK, in Architedure, a little Fillet left on the
of a Larmier, which forms a Canal, and makes a ki
Pendant. Chin-Beak is alfo ufed for a Moulding, the
with the Quarter-round, except that its Situation is it
ed. We find but few Examples hereof in the ai
Buildings; but 'tis very frequent in the modern.
Beak, or Beak-head, of a Ship, is that Part of it i
is faffen'd to the Stern, and it fupported by a Knee
is the becoming Part, or Grace o& a Ship. Sce S/er
BEAM, in Building, the largefr Piece of Wood
Building, being laid a-crofs the Walls, and ferving ti


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