( 189)


he Stomach; whence, according to M. Lemery,
ave carry'd into the Blood a new fpirituous, fa-
: He obfcrves alfo, that Iron acls as an Abfor-
the Largenels of its Pores- and the Eafe
all Kinds of Salts, even grofs ones, infinuate
therein: even fcorbutic Acids are abforb'd
'tis not enough that peccant Acids enter Iron;
-ring they alfo expel and exprefs that falutary
h is alfo put in Motion, and difpos'd to be eva-


cuated Dy the natural Heat. Thus is Iron doubly advan-
tageous, both by the Oil it fuirnifhes the Blood withal, and
by the Salts it frees it from. The Adion of the Particles
of a Chalybeat, Sy their Elaflicity, to'gether with the Mo-
mVentum they give the Blood by their Ponderofity, makes
them not only preferable to moil other Deobfiruents, but
alfo proper in other Cafes especially where there is a Vif-
cidity of ethe Juices, the Blood depauperated, and where
the Circulation is languid ; as in moil Hyfleric and Hypo-
chondriac Cafes, Lc.
CHAM, or KAN, the Title given to the fovereign Prin-
ces of Y'artary.
The Word, in the Sclavonic Language, fignifies Emperor.
Sperlinigius, in his Difetrtation on the Dani/h Term of
Majefly, Koning, King, thinks the Tartarian Cham may
be well deriv'd from it; adding, that in the North they
fay Kan, Konnen, Konge, Kenning.
The Term Cham is us'd among the Per./i'ans, for the
great Lords of the Court, and the Governors of Provinces.
CHAMADE, in War, a certain Beat of a Drum, or
Sound of a Trumpet, which is given the Enemy as a kind
of Signal, to inform them of fome Propofition to be made
to the Commander; either to capitulate, to have leave to
bury their Dead, make a Truce, or the like.
Menage derives the Word from the Italian Chiamate, of
Clamare, to cry.
CHAMBER, in Building, a Member of a Lodging, or
Piece of an Apartment, ordinarily intended for fleeping in;
and call'd by the Latins Crubiculum.
A compleat Apartment is to confifi of a Hall, Anti-
chamber, Chamber, and Cabinet. See APARTMENT, EGc.
The Word comes from the Latin Camera; and that, ac-
cording to Nicod, from the Greek *oreg Vault, or Curve;
the Term Chamber being originally confin'd to Places arch'd
,over. The Spaniards call it Camera; whence Camerade.
Bed-CHAMBE1. See BED-Chamber.
Privy-CHAMBER. The Gentlemen of the Privy-Cham-
her are Servants of the King, who are to wait and attend
Con him and the Queen at Court, in their Diverfionsi Pro-
,gre*Ths, Fec.
Six of there are appointed by the Lord Chamberlain,
toaether with a Peer. and the Mafler of the Ceremonies.


nd all Ambaffadors from crown'd Heads in their
Entries. Their Number is 48.
r Inflitution is owing to King henry VII. As a Afn-
dark of Favour, they are itmpower'd to execute
ing's verbal Command, and without producing any
Order; their Perfon and Charaflcer being deem'd
2t Authority.
2'nce CHAMBER,   Se   PRESENCE Chamber.
'Cci CHAMBER,   S       COUNCIL C'hamber.
MBER in Policy, is us'd for the Places where certain
)lies are held, as alfo fir the Afiemblies themselves.
hefe there are various Kinds; *>me eflablifh'd tor
rminifiration of Juftice, others f~ii. Matters of Com-
Wc. Of the firfi Kind among us are the
CHAMBER, Camera Stellata, or Chamber de Eftoi-
called, becaufe the Roof was originally painted
ars. It is of an antient franding, but its Authority
ry much heightned by Henry VII. and Henry VIII.
)pointed, by two feveral Statutes, that the Chancel-
fied by others there namid, l1iould have Power to
Complaints again{i Retainers, Embracers, Mirde-
rs c$ Officers, and other like Offences; which thro
wer and Authority of thofe who committed them,
up the Head above other Faults; and for which
Judges were not fo meet to give Correalion, and
amon Law had not fufficiently provided.
e Statute 1 7 Car. 1. the Court call'd Star-dCammtr,
l Jurifdic~ion, Power, and Authority thereto belong-
.e, from Augh the firf, 1641, abfolutely difTolv'd.
2ted CHAMBER. See PAINTED Chamber,
rial CHAMBER, 5S a Jurifdidion held antiently at
but fince transferr'd to Veflar. In this are deter-
tie Differences among the Princes and Cities of the
e See EMPIRE.
as at firff ambulatory: In 1473 it was fix'd to Ag^f-
hen remov'd to Frankfort; and thence to Worms,
7: afterwards it was remov'd to Nuremnberg and
w ; again to Worms and Naremberg; and from this
D  .flenen; thence, in 1517, to Spires ; where
V. rendered it fedentary, in I 5 30.


CH A


At its 1ifi Infsitution it confifled of i6 Alfarsj but
the Reformation enfuing, occafion'd the Number to be
increas'd: By the Treaty of Ofniabierg, in I648, therc
were appointed so Aaffors; whereof24 to be Proreflants,
and 26 Catholicks; befides five Prlfidents, two of 'em Pro-
teflants, the refi Catholicks.
As the Princes, or Circles of the Empire are not always
exad in filling up the Vacancies in this Cht7mber, the Nuim-
ber of Aafflors is now reduc'd to 16. See IMPEkIAL.
This Cbamnber has a Right of judging by Appeal, and
the lafi Refort, of all Civil AfTairs of all the SubjeSb
of the Empire, in the fame manner as the Aaluc Council
refiding at Vienna. See AULIC.
Procefses are here almoil Immortal, by reafon of the
infinite number of Ceremonies and Fornalities wherewith
they are embarafs'd.
The Imperial Chamber is frequently afraid to pronounce
Sentence, for fear of expofing its Awards to fome Difgrace ;
the Princes fometimes not permitting fuch to be executcd
as difpleafe them.
Afpoflolical CHAMBER, at Rome, is that wherein Amfjit
relating to the Revenues and Domains of the Church and
the Pope are tranfadted. See ApCST',LICAL.
CHANMBtR ofAudiences, or grand CHANInER ; a Jurif-
didion in each Parliament of France. See PARLIAMtENT.
At the firfi Inititution of their Parliaments, there were
two Chambers, and two Kinds of Counfellors ; the one
the grand Chamber for Audiences, the Counfellors whci-e-
of were call'd I~lgeurs, who only jtidg'd : the other the
'Chamber of Inqueljs ; the Counfellors whereof were called
Rapporteurs ; who only reported Procefses by writing.
CHAMBER of the Edia, or Mi-pattre, was a Couirt ella-
blilh'd by viitue of the Edias of Pacification, in favour f
thofe of the Reform'd Religion: wherein the Number of
Judges of either Religion were the fame ; and to which
recourfe was had in all Affairs wherein any of the Protef-
tants were concern'd. This Ciamnber is now fiupprefs'd.
CHAMBER of Accompts, is a fovercign Court, where Ac-
compts are render'd of all the Deniers Ryaux; Inven-
tories, and Avenues given to the King, Oaths of Fidelity
takenj and other Things relating to the Finances tranlac-
ted. The French have alfo,
Eccleflaflical CHAMBERS, which judge, by Appeal, of
Differences arifing on the raifing of Tithes  Of thefe Exc-
clefiaflical Chambers there are nine; viz. at Paris, Rour-
deaux, Rouen, Lyons, i1ours, J'oulouuJe, Zourges, Paul;
and Aix: they ufaally confift of the Archbifhop of the
Place, as Prefident; other Archbifhops and Bifhops, a
Deputy of each of the Dioceffes, and three Counfellors
of Parliament. The Cbaamber chufes as many Counfellors
out of the Clergy as it thinks proper ; as alio a Promoter.
CHAMBER of London. See CHAMBERLAIN.
CHAMBEERS of Commerce, are Aiemblies of Merchants
and Dealers, where they treat about Matters relating to
Commerce: Of thefe there are feveral, eflablifli'd in molo
of the chief Cities of France, by Virtue of an Arret of
the 3oth of Aiguft 1701. Indeed there were fome before
this general Eilabliflment, particularly one at Alarfeillesj
and another at D'Aikurk.
CHAMBER in War, is us'd for the Place where the Poti-
der of a Mine is lodg'd. See MINE.
The Chamber of a Mine is a Cavity of five or fix cu-
bick Feet.
CH AMBER of a Mortar, or Cannon of the new Make,
is a Cell, or Cavity at the bottom of the Rirrel, or Chafi,
where the Charge of Pouder is lodg'd. See MORTAlk.
The different Form of the Chamber, is found by Ex-
periment to have an Influence on the Range of the Piece.
A Cubical Chamber carries the Ball a lefs Difiance than a
Circular one ; and that lefs than a Cylindrical one.
CHAMBERLAIN, an Officer who has the Manage-
ment, or Direction of a Chamber. See CHAMVBER.
The Word Chamberlain, according to Ragitean, originally
fignify'd, a Gentleman who was to fleep in the King's Bed-
C/amber, at his Bed's Feet, in the AbFence of the Queen.
There are almofi as many Kinds of Cbhamberlains as C'ham-
bers: The principal are as follow.
Lord Great CHAMBERLAIN of England, an Officer of
great Antiquity and Honour; being rank'd the fixth great
Officer of the Crown :~ A considerable part of his Func-
tion is at the Coronation of a King; when he drefl'es him,
carries the Coif, Sword, and Gloves to be us'd on that
Occafioli; the Gold Sword and Scabbard to be offer'd by
the King ; the Robe Royal and Crown : He alfo undrel-
fes him, and waits on him at Dinner ; having for his Fee
the King's Bed, and all the Furniture of his Chambto
the Night-Apparel, and the Silver Bafon wherein the Kitt
wafhes, with the Towels. See CORONATION.
To him likewife belongs the Provifion of every thing 'it
the Houfe of Lords, in time of Parliamncnt; to wi;htnd
he has an Apartment near the Lords Hourf. He has the
Government of the Palace of Wefiminfler; ifies out War-
D     d a             fanto


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