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And hence alfo it is, that feveral *ecular Lords in Ger-
m"any bear Mitres for their' Crefts; as having antiently
been Advocates of the great Churches. See MITEa, and
'CREST.
Spelman diflinguifhes two Kinds of Ecclefiaflical Ad-
vowees.-The oe, of Caufes, or Proceffes, 4dvocati Cau-
fiarurn. the other, of Territory, or Lands, Advocati Soli.
The former were nominated by the King, and were
urually Lawyers, who undertook to plead the Caufes of the
Monafleries.
The other, which fill fubfift, and are Sometimes called
by their primitive Name, Advowees, tho more ufually Pa-
trons, were hereditary; as being the Founders and Endow-
ers of Churches,- &)c. or their Heirs. See PATRON.
In this Senfe, Women were fometimes AdvocatelTes, Ad-
ocatiff-e-And, in effied, the Canon Law mentions fome
who had this Title, and who had the fame Right of Pre-
fentation, Fec. in their Churches, which the Advowees them-
felves had.
In a Stat. 25 Edw. III. we meet with Advowree "Para-
mount, for the Higheft Patron; that is, the King. See PA-
RAMOUNT.
There were alfo Advo-wees of Countries, and Provinces.
-In a Charter of the Year ii87, Iertheld Duke of Zering-
ben, is called Advowee of 71hureg; and in the Notitia of
the .Belgic Churches, publith'd by Mireus, the Count of
Lovain is Riled Count and Advowee of Brabant.-In the
XIth and XlIth Centuries, we alfo meet with the Ad-
vozwees of Alfatia, of Suabia, &c.
Raymond de Agiles relates, that after the Recovery of
.rerufalem from the Saracens, it being propofed to eled a
king thereof; the Bi/hops pleaded, Non debere ibi eligi
Regem, ubi fDeus pa/is tS coronatus efi, &c. That " they
s' ought by no means to appoint a King, in a Place where
" God had fuffer'd and been crown'd i but mhould content
't themselves with elecling an Advowee, or Advocate of the
" City, to take Care of the Garrifon, , c."- In e&d,
Dodechin, a German Abbot, who wrote a Voyage to the
Holy Land in the XIIth Century, calls Godfrey of Bulloign,
Advottee of the Holy Sepulchre
ADVOWSON, or AnVOWZEN, A-dvouerie, Advocatia,
or Advocatio, the Quality, or Office of an Advo-wee, or Ad-
vocate, )' Vc. See AuvowEE, Etc.
ADVOWSON, or ADVOUZEN, in Common Law, fignifies a
Right to prefent to a Benefice. See PRESENTATION.
In this Senfe, the Word imports as much as .7us patrona-
tlls in the Canon Law. See PATRONAGE.
The Reafon of the Name Advo-wfon, Advocatio, is, that
antiently. thofe who had a Right to prefent to a Church,
were Maintainers of it, or great Benefaaors to it; and were
Sometimes called Patroni, and fometimes Advocati, or Ad-
vowees. See ADVOCATE, WC.
In the general, an Adv~o-ifon is where a Bifliop, Dean,
or Chapter, and their Succefhrs, or any Lay Patron, have a
Right to prefent whom they pleafe to any Spiritual Benefice,
when it becomes void. See VACANCY and BENEFICE, DC
This Advo'wfon is of two Kinds.-Advo'wfon in grofs,
that. is, not immediately refrained, or adhering to any Ma-
nor, as Parcel thereof.
And Advowfon appendant, which depends on a Manor, as
appurtenant to it: This Kitchin calls an Incident, which
may be Separated from its Subje&.
Add, that as the Builders and Endowers of a Church were
the Patrons of it; fo thofe who founded any Religious
Houfe, had the Advowfon or Patronage of it.
Som'etimes the Patron had the fole Nomination of the
Prelate, Abbot, or Prior; either by Inveffiture, (or Delivery
of a Pafloral Staff") or by diredt Prefentation to the Dioce-
fan: And if a free Eleaion was left to the Religious, yet a
Conge d'Elire, or Licence of Eledlion, was firfit to be ob-
tain'd of the Patron, and the Perfon eleaed was confirm'd
by him.
If the Founder's Family was extin&, the Patronage of
the Convent went to the Lord of the Manor.
ADVOWTRY. See ADULTERLY.>
ADUST, ADUSTUS, is applied, among Phyficians, Ec. to
fuch Humours, as by long Heat become of a hot and fiery
Nature. See HUMOUR.
Such is Choler fuppofed to be.-Melancholy is ufually
confider'd as black and addft Bile. See CHOLER, MELAN-
CHOLY, WC.
Adrft Blood, fays ZBlanchard, is, when by reafon of ex-
traordinary Heat, its more fubtile Parts are all evaporated,
leaving the groifhi-, with all the Impurities therein, half tor-
rify'd, as it were. See BLOOD
The Word is form'd of the Latin aduro, I burn.
ADYTUM, AJ'urov, a fecret or retir'd Place in the Pagan
Temples, where Oracles were given, and into which none
but'the Priefts were admitted. See TEMPLE, ORACL , Ec.
AE, or XE, a Dipthong, or double Vowel, borrow'd firom
the Greeks and Latins, See DiPTHONG.


Authors are by no means agreed as to the itfe of the
oc.-Some, out of regard to Erymo!ogy, infifl on its- being
retain'd in all Words, particularly Technical ones, borrowed
from thofe Languages; while others, from a Confiderarion
that it is no proper Dipthong in our Language, its Sound
being no other than that of the firnple e X contend that it
ought to be entirely dilufed, except in Words which retain
their Latin and Greek form in every thing elfe.
For our own parr, till the Point is a little better fettled,
we mull be contented to fleer a kind of middle, or neutral
Courfe; conforming our felves to Cuflom as nearly as may be.
-Such Articles, therefore, as are omitted under 2E, the
Reader will find under E.
JEP.CEA, in Antiquity, folemn Feafls and Combats, ce-
lebrated in Egina, in honour of 2.Eacus; who had been
their King, and who, on account of his fingular Juflice upon
Earth, was fuppofed to have a Commiffion given him, to
be one of the Judges in Hell. See FEAST, SC.
AECHMALOTARCHA, in Antiquity, a GreEk Term,
fignifying, Chief or Leader of the Captives.
The _/e-xs who refufed to follow Zorolalel, and return
with him to 7ferufalem, after the .abyloniJh Captivity,
created an .schmalotarcba, to govern them.-Not that the
*7ews themfelves call'd him by this Naame, as fome Authors
have afferted; for that People fpoke 1ebrew, or Chaldee,
not Greek. But Origen, and others, who wrote in the Greek
Tongue, render'd the Hebre-w Name nlS      ' and  Rofcl
galutb, q. d. Chief of the Captivity, by a Greek Name of
the like import, exuaxw~nmxn, form'd from dIma~wAo;v, of
dixyt1, a Point or Pike, and Ages, Command.
However, the s7ews muff have had Officers of this kind
before the Return from Babylon: Witnefs the Hiflory of
Sufannab; the two Elders who condemn'd her, being gecb-
malotarchde that Year.-The 7ewa/h Writers affure us, that
the -,Echmalotarcb' were only to be chofen out of the Tribe
of 7udab.
.EDES, in Antiquity, an inferior kind of Temple, dillin-
guifhed by this, that it was not confecrated by the Augurs.
See TEMPLE, AUGUR, WC.
Such was the Ifrarinrz, or Treafury i called .ZEdes Sa-
turni. See .ERARIUM.
-EDILIS, EDILE, in Antiquity. See EDILE.
IEGILOPS, a Tumor, or rather Ulcer, in the great Can-
thus or Atngle of the Eye, by the Root of the Nofe; ei-
ther with or without an Inflammation. See EYE, TUMOR,
and ULCER.
The Word, in its original Greek, lrytyo4, fignifies a Goat's
Eye, in regard, Goats are fuppofed extremely liable to
this Diflemper.
If the }Egilops be negleaed, it burfis, and degenerates in-
to a Fiflula, which eats into the Bone. See FISTU LA.
Authors frequently ufe Agylops, Anchylops, and RF;jula
Lachrynalis promifcuoufly: But the more accurate, after
.Agineta, make a difference.-The Tumor, ere it becomes
ulcerous, is properly called .4nchylops; and after it has ren-
der'd the Os Lacbrymale carious, Fiflula Lachrymalis. See
ANCHYLOPS, We.
If the iEgilops be accompanied with an Inflammation; it
takes its Rife from the Abundance of Blood, which the too
great Plenitude discharges upon the Corner of the Eye.-If
it be without an Inflammation, it is fuppofed to proceed
from a vifcous pituitous Humour, thrown upon this Part.
EGIPAN, in Antiquity, a Denomination given to Pan,
and the Panes. See PAN ES.
The Word is compounded of afE, u7yos, Goat; as be-
ing reprefented with the Horns, Legs, Feet, &c. of that
Animal.
The Antients alfo gave the Name f.gipans to a fort of
Monflers mention'd by Pliny, Solinus, and Pomn. Aela,
L. I. c. 8.-Salmajius, in his Notes on Solinus, takes Xgi-
pan to have fignified the fame in Lybia with Sylvanus
among the Romans. See SYLVAN.
Vojius rejeds the Opinion, and mhews, that the fTgipans
had not Faces like Men, as the Sylvans had ; but like
Goats. In eff&, the whole upper Part of the Body refem-
bled that Animal; and as to the lower, they painted it with
a Filhes Tail. The Monfldr reprefented on fome Medals of
AfuguJtus, by Antiquaries called Capricornus; appears to b
the true ffgipan.
iEGYPTIACtJM, in Pharmacy, a kind of deterfive Un-
guent; fo called from its dulky Hue or Colour, which re-
fembles the fwarthy Complexion of the Agyptians. See
DETERSIvE, and UNGUENT.
It is compofed of Verdigreafe, Vinegar, and Honey, boil'd
to a Confiffence.
The Prefcription is Mefrie's.-It is chiefly ufed for eating
ofrrotten Flefh, and cleanfing foul Ulcers; particularly Ve-
nereal ones in the Throat, 1ic. It alfo defiroys thofe cance-
rous Erofions apt to grow in Childrens Mouths.
ENIGMA. See ENIGMA.


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