FEC


C


eredally in intermitting Fcvcrs. Cold Water
ely much exroll'd as a Febrijfige. Dr. Hancock
emphatical Denomination of Febrifiugiurn Mag-
WVAT ER.
lume, in the 1ihft. de I'Academ. R. de Sciences,
ropoes a new Febrifuge, of his own Difcover,
From a great Number of Experiments, he
hat Galls alone will frequently cure an inter-
er, as well as the Quinquina; over which it
dvantages in other Things; in that it is not fo
not heat, is taken in a leffiir Dofe, feldomer,
)tion, feveral other Phyficians tried it with Suc-
larly Mr. Homnberg; though it did not fucceed fo
B. taduc, Lemnery, and Geaffroy. See GALLS.
in Medicine. See FEVER.
A, in Antiquity, A Feaft, held by the Romans,
th &f February; in behalf of the Manes of the
s tells us, that Sacrifices were here perform'd;
Offices pay'd the Shade of the Defunft. Sa-
c. 13. And from this Feafi it was, that the
'briary took its Name.


The De-ln nt theIe Sacrpe is i--k.ho '..ULIU-     .


fays, that they were perform'd, to render the infer-
;ods propitious to the Deceas'd; tho' fome of the Mo-
have imagin'd, that they were intended, to appeafe
leceas'd themselves, and were offer'd immediately to
, as a fort of -Deities. What confirms the former
nent, is, that Pluto himfelf is furnam'd Februus.
held for twelve Days.


--  v _ V x V. v X A - I  _I IU A  11 11IA JIIktd'b
Tongue. From the very Foundation of the City, we meet
with Februa, for Purifications3 and Februare, to purify. Var-
r de Ling. Lat. L. V. derives it from the Sabins: Vof-
qs, and others, from ferveo, I am hot; by reafon, that
rurifications chiefly were perform'd with Fire, and hot
Water. Soume go higher, and even deduce the Words
kom A1", Phur, or P)havar, which in Syriac and Arabic
hias the fame Signification with Ferbuit, or .Efferbuit 5 and
might probably, likewife fignify, to purify : For phavar,
anArabic, denotes a Preparative, given to Women in Child-
bed, to bring away the After-birth, and other Impurities,
remaining afer Delivery: Much as among the Romans, who
gave the Name Februa to the Goddefs fuppos'd to prefide
ver~ the Delivery of Women. Ovid. Faf.
FECES, and          Se   FCES.
FECAL Matte is      See fECAL MATEA
FECIALES, FJECIALES, or FETIALES, were publick
Diicers among the antient Romans.
The Feciales were a fort of Heralds, or Kings at Arms;
Who, when the Romans had any Difpute with their &eigh-
lrs, were fent, firfl, to demand the Thing pretended to
e ufurp'd; or require Satisfadion for the Injury alledg'd
to be done. If an Anfwer was' not return'd by them, that
was fatisfa~ory to the People and the Senate; they were dif-
tch'd again to declare War: And the like in treatina of
eace;i the Feciales being the only Perfons appointed to
teat between the Senate, 'e. and the Enemy.
'Plutarch, in the Life of Numa; and Ilalicarnafeus
It IT       C    .     !A               .1T      -LcW'  lfIIJtttQy  arrne


ii rve,- xnrie nrt mutlturied by thar Frrnce.
r adds, that t ey were chofen out of the beff Fa-
Roain; that their Office, which was reputed a fort
ptium, or Prieilhood, only ended with their Life;
Perfons were facred, and inviolable, as thofe of
:els i that they were even charged to fee the Re-
id not declare War unjufily; that they were to
e Complaints and Remonfirances of Nations, who
to have been any way injur'd by the Romans;
hofe Complaints were found jufil, they were to
Criminals, and deliver them up to thofe they had
that they were invefled with the Rights -and
Qf Embaffadors; that they concluded Treaties of
d Alliance, and took Care they were executed,
abolifh'd them, if they were not equitable.
rro allures us, that in his time moft of thefe Func-
e Feciales were fet afide; as thofe of the antient
t Arms are among us: Tho' Plutarch obiferves,
had fill foome Authority in his Time. See HE-
ciales went crown d with Verbena, Vervein, when
to declare War: Their Head was cover'd with a
,which theCrown was applied. In thisEquipage they
I to the Frontiers of the new Enemy's Country,and
oody Dart, or Javelin into the Earth, within the
Litvy, and other antient Authors, as alfo among
irn Criticks and Grammarians, we have the For-
d in fuch Declarations.
lerives the Word from ferio, I firike i as ferir'+
,nifies to conclude a Treaty: And accordingly, in-
recials, he would have it wrote Fetiales.
derive it from f.edus, which was antiently wrote


'7 )


fedus; o:r from P/dcs, Faith: Others from facior Cteci, I
make, Gc. by reafon they made War and Peace.
Vo6sius chutes to derive it from fatu; of the Verb farn, to
rpeak; in which fenfe the .Fciales Ihould be the fame with
Oratores; which Sentiment is confirm'd from the Authority
of Varro, who fays, they were call'd indifferently, FecialeS
and Oratores. fbe Vita Popul. Roman. L. II.
FECULA, or FECULA, in Pharmacy, A white, mealy
Subflance, or Powder, which fubfides, and gathers at the Boft,
tom of the Juices, or Liquors of divers Roots 5 as, thofe of
Briony, Arum, Iris, Uec.
This Subflance, or Sediment, they dry in the Sun, after
having pour'd off the Liquors; and it ferves for divers Re-
medies.
The Word Feeula is a Diminutive of Feeces.
FECULENT, or F1ECULFNT, is applied to the Blood;
and other Humors, which abound in Fa cesj or Dregs ; or
have not the proper and ufual Degree of Purity.---
FECUNDITY, or F]ECuNDiTy, Fertility, or the Qua-
lity of a thing, which denominates it fruitful.
The Fecundity of divers Plants is very extraordinary.
M. fDodart has an exprefs Treatife thereof in the Memoirs
of the Academy of Sciences.
He fhews, that at a moderate Computation, an Elmn, one
Year with another, yields 3 0gooo Grains, or Seeds; each
of which, if properly lodg'd, would grow up unto a Tree.
Now, an Elm ordinarily lives zoo Years; confequently, in
the Courfe of its Life; it produces 3 3000000 brains; all
which arife from one finale Grain.
He fhews farther, that the fame Elm, by frequently cutting
off its Head, Uc&. might be brought to produce 15840000000
Seeds; and that there are fo many adually contain'd in its
fee PLANT.
FEE, FEUD, FEUDUM, PEODUM, or FiErF an Eflate;
Land, Tenement, Lordihip, or Right held of a fuperior
Lord, on condition of Fealty, Homage, or other Acknow-
ledgement.
The Term Fees is properly applied to Lands and Te-
nements, which we hold in perpetual Right, on condition of
an Acknowledgment of Superiority in a higher Lord. See
TENUR E.
The Writers on this Subjeff, divide all Lands a'nd Tene-
ments, wherein a Man hath a perpetual Eftate to him and
his Heirs, into Allodium, and Feudnm.
Allodiuim is defin'd, to be a Man's own Land, which to
polffefes merely in his own Right, without Acknowledgment
of any Service or Payment of any Rent to another; and
this is Property in the highefi Degreej See ALLODIUM.
He that hath :Fee holds of another boy fome Duty, or other,
call'd Service, fee SERVICE.
Feudum is that, which we hold by the Benefit of anothei,
and for which we do Service, or pay Rent, or both, to the
chief Lord.
Originally, a Feud was only an Eflate for Life; and thofe
to whom it was granted, were call'd Va/falli, who, by fuchf
meanM, were brought fo a ffricer Difcipline and Obedience
to the Princes, and were bound to ferve them in Wars. See
VASSAL.
The Origin of Fees is one of the darkefi, and moft intri-
cate Points in modern Hiflory; Authors being exceedingly
divided about it.
Some attribute the Invention thereof to the Lonmbards-
Others find fome Appearance of the Duties of a VaiTal toi
his Lord, in the antient Relations between the Patron, and
his Client: Anrd others look for its Rife in the Roman Be-
neficia.
The Emperors, it feems, difiributed  Lands amon the
antient Legions, on condition of their holding themfelvec
ready at all Times, to take up Arms, in defence of the
Frontiers of the Empire; whic affords us a good Image
enough of Feuds; and in all Probability, their firil Origifi
was no otherwife: But in Procefs of Time their Nature was
changed, and Duties were annex'd to them, which origin-
ally were not.
-Du Moulin makes no Doubt, that thefe Diflritutions of
Lands, call'd Pevefices, were the firil matter of Fees; foi'
which feafon he ufes the Terms ZBenefice and Feud promif-
cuoufly; as if they were the fame Thing: And yet, there
was a good deal of Difference between them; as there was
neither Fealty, nor Homage, nor the other feudal Rights
annex d to the Benefice; and as the Benefice was not here-
ditary. See BENEFICE.
Probably, Penefices began then to be call'd Feuds, when
they becamne hereditary; and when thofe, of whom the
Benefices were held, began to demand Faith, or Fealtyi
fromn  them. See FEALTY.
his Fealty feems to conflitute the Fee ; the Wo  Feie
it  elf, fignifying in' the antient Norman Langt6, Fikh.
There is no fixing the precife A.ra, when theie Changet
commenced; For Fees, fluch as they now  ate, were nii efab-
lifih'd all at once: And in different Countries they took  lace
at di~rent Times, and in ditferent manners. The Great
*                           Lords,


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