Medicines pfoper to ptmitetiidezing;
'd Stet outatories. See S ERN:kAtORY.
form'd of the Greek 41*p,  Steaiaen-
1I, or PTERtGiuM, 'in Medicine, a Difeafe
*e Latins calli'd Ungflis, Nail; a'nd fome-
leb. See UNGtI sand PfANNIS.
nuch the fame as of the Ophthalmia. See
orm'd from the Greek Sr750r, A4 ^  Wing.
IES, or PTEIRYGOIDES, in Anitomy, two
Os Spbenoides , fo call'd froti their re-
ngsofa Bat. SeeSSPEIENOID ES.
?k '7"'pve, ,?V111rvi-,aWing, and e*Pa-, Form.
,EUS, or PTERYGOIDEUS Internus, is a
Jaw, which arifes from the internal part of
Procefs, and defcends to be inferted into the
he internal fide of the lower jaw, near itt


h, it draws the Jaw to one fide.
'Us Externus, is a Mu fcle which arifesfroti c
of the fame Procefs, and goes backward  t
ween the Condiloid Procef s, andthe Corbnq, E
the lower Jaw.
lower Jaw forwards, and makes it (hoot c
er.
rAPHILINUS, or PltERycosTAPIhIL- II
y, the internal Mufcle of the Uvula; call'd t
vus Yub~e Mufculus; as being unknown to
tomifts.  -.


It arifes flethy, near the Sphenoftaphilinus, firom  the Os  b
Tetrofum, where the Tube from the Palate enters that, near
an acute Procefs of the Sphenoides: and afcending to the  4
Troceffus Pterygoides, becomes a broad, flat Tendon, which  I
expands itfelf on the fore-part of the Evuly.
Some of the tendinous Fibres afcend to the lower Edge 3
of the Os Palati, others defcend down the fides of the Fau-
ces; the middle Series either unites with thofe of the otherI
fide, or is loft in two flefhy Bodies that compofe the i
Uvula.
This Mufcle, with its partner, draw the Uvula upwards,
and forwardss; and alfo raife the Amygdale.
The Word is form'd from the Greek rT7-teo, Wing, and
s-dqt An, Uvula.
PTERIGOPHARYNGIEUS, or PTERYGOPInARYN-
G2EU5, a pair of Mufcles arifing from  the Proce/fus Pte-
rygoides, where the Tendon of the Pterygoftaphilinus is1
refleaed.-Some fleihy Fibres of it do lik,. wife arife from
theupperjaw-Bone, behind thefartheii Grinder, and forne
from the fides of the Tongue, and Os Hyoides.
From all thefe places its flclhy Fibres pafs femi-circu-
larly ; and meet with thofe of the oppofite fide in a middle
Line on the back fide of the Pharynx externally.
In the inner Surface of the Fauces is another Order of
flefhy Fibres, decuffating each other at acute Angles.-
They arife both from the fides of the Uvula, and from the
Root of the Cartilage ; and defcend obliquely to their In-
fertions in the giandulous Membrane of the Pharynx.
This Mufcle ferves both to confiringe the Pharynx, and
to comprefs the Tonfils, and force out the Mucus, whence
its Ufe in Hawking.
The various Originations of the feveral parts of this
Mufcle has caufed its being generally divided into feveral
Mufcles.-Thus Valfalva calls that part fpringing from the
Tongue, the Glo/opharyngeuss; that immediately below it,
the HIyopharyngceus.
Hence, in like manner, come the Cqthalopharyngces,
Sphenopharyngeus, &c.
PTEROPHORI, in Antiquity, a Name given to fuch of
the Roman Couriers as brought Tidings of any Declaration
of War, a Battel loff, or any Mifhap befallen the Roman
Armies.
They were fo call'd becaufe they bore Wings on the
Points of their Pikes; from  the Greek wlsuyv, Wing, and
i     I bear.
PTISAN, PTISANA,in Medicine, a cooling Potion, made
of Barley boil'd in Water, and ufually Iweeten'd with Li-
quorice, V.c.
To thefe are fometimes added the Herb Dog's-grafs, and
Senna to render it laxative.-Mofl of the Decodtions of
Phyficians are in Pti/ans. See DECOCTIONN
Feverilh Patients are prohibited Wine,&c. and reduced
to Pt ifans.
The Word is formp'd from the Greek e4wrnb", which fig-
nifies the fame thing.
PTOLEMAITES, a Branch of the antient Gnoflics; fo
call'd from their Leader Ptolemy.
This Herefiarch is reprefented as a Man of confiderable
Learning, who improved confiderably on the Syttem of the
GnoftCs, his Predeceffors, and enlarged it with a number of
Notions and Vifions of his own. See G Nost I Cs.
6. ,tiPanius is very ample on the Subjedc of the Etole-


0;.i ~ and produces a Letter of PtRom y.Flora, wherein
that kgertic lp~s 4own -.  DodrinO-,,He maintain'd, that
ill thets J,.4w of ilrthetCVvere three things to be confider'd,
nafmch as it did ~notalL come from! the fame hand ; but
party of it, faid-! he, fom Godi PArti of it from Afaje5s, and
p    frt rofwit hich came-from neither of 'em, but confifed at-
ogether in the pure Traditions of the matient l)odors; on
vhich part it was thmthe hfounded his Dreams.
PTOLEMAIC rSyJ~pz or Hypothejs, the Order, or Dif-
iofition of the Heaen&  and Hevny Bodies, wherein the
"rr h4 is fuppofed to" be at rely in the Centre; and the
Havens to revolve-round it, from Ea* to Web; carrying
vith,'!cmt.the Sun, Planets, and fixed Stars, each in their
efyediveSpheres. SeeSUN, EARTH, PLANET, SC.
Fhis Hypothefis tok its Name from Ptolemy, the great
11exandrian Aillromrmer i becaufe maintain'd and illuffra-
ed-fby Iim :... Not that it was his Invention ; for it was
much older, as having been held by 4riflotle, Hipparchus,
&c. rsee afurrtherr illufirated under the Article SYSTEM.
*TTYALISM, -PTYALISMUS, in Medicine, a Spitting;
r adifcharge of Saliva by the Glands of rhe Mouth 5 whe-
her.: it amount to. an abfolute Salivation, or not. Soe
iALIVAT-1ON.
VTbhe Word is form'd from the Greek '47'.,, fpuo, to ooze
Bult.
PUBERTY, PUBERTAS, in the Civil Law, a natural
Majority; or the Age wherein a Perfon is allow'd to con-
rad Marriage. See MAJORITY, S'C.
Boys arrive at Puberty at fourteen Years of Age ; Maids
at twelve. FIuPuberty is accounted at eighteen. See
PUBES, a -Tqrm tifed for the external parts of the TPu-
lenda, or partse of Generation in both Sexes. See Pu-
DENDUM, SC.
This, from~ the Age of Pubei;ty,is fuppored to be cover'd,
more or lefs, wvith ,air; whence the Name. SeellAIR.
PUBIS Os, or Os Fetfinis, in Anatomy, a Jnone of the
fip, fituate in the fore and middle part of the Trunk; and
naking the l6weir atid inner part of the Os Innominatuid.
See INNOMINAVUM yOs.
It is juin'd to the orher part by a Cartilage, thicker, but
loofer in Women than Men i in the former whereof, the
Os Pubis receldes, or gives a little in time of Travel, to
give way for the F*ttus. See DELIVERY.
It has a large drk7Sten, which makes room for the PafTage
of two Mufcles of tli6 Thigh ; befides a Sinus, whereby
the Crural Veins and Arteries pafs to the Thighs. See
PEC.T I N Is OS.,
PUBLIC Notary, fee NoTARY Public.
PUBLICAN, JYUBLICANUS, among the Romans, a
Perfun who farmed the Impofis, Taxes, and public Re-
venues.
IThe Name appears to have been odious to the _Me6ws, &c.
apparently becaufcz of the Exadfions of this fort of
'People.
PUBLICATION, the Ad1 of Promulgating, or making
a thing known to the World. See PROMULGATION.
PBy the Canons, Publication is to be made of the Bans of
Marriage three times, e'er the Ceremony can be folemnized;
without efpecial Licence to the contrary. See MARR IAGE.
PUCELLAGE, fee VIRGINITY.
PUDICA Planta, fee SENSITIVE Plant.
PUERILITY, in Difcourfe. Longinus defines it to be
a Thought, which, by being too far fetch'd, becomes flat
and infipid.-Puerility, he adds, is the common Fault of
thofe who affed to fay nothing but what is Brillant and Ex-
traordinary. See SUItIME.
PUGIL, among Phyficians, Fec. a Meafure of Flowers,
Seeds, or the like Matters, coomaining fo much as may be
taken up between the Thumb and two Fore-Fingers. See
MEASURE.
The Pugil is efleem'd the eighth part of the Handful.
See MAN IFULVS.
The Word comes from the Latin, I'ugillus, little Hind.
The French frequently call it Pince'e, Pinch.-Sonrie con-
found Pugil with Manitpulus; and ufe it for a Handful.
PUISNE, PUNY, in Law, a Younger-born; or a Child
born afteranother. SeeMULIER.
The Word is not only apply'd to the fecond, third, fourth,
E!c. with regard to the firfI i but to the third with regard to
the fecond, -ec.
The lafi ofl is ciall'd abfolutely Cadet. See CADET.
The Word is pure French; in which Language it: bear s
the fame Signification.
In the like fenfe we fay a Puifne 7udge, a Puipfe Coun-
fellor. See JUDGE and JUSTI1E.
PUKING, a cant Word for a Naufea, or Difpofition to
Vomit. See NAUSEA and VOMITING.
PUL, in Commerce, a, general Name which the Per-
fians give to all the Copper-Moneys current in the Empire;
particularly the ICasftui and Demi-kabefqui. See MONEY
and CoI.       ,>.               r.       -




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