U NL                          19
Study in the divers Faculties, are taken up. See ART, and
SCIENCE.
In each Vniverfity, four Faculties are ufually taught;
Theology, Medicine, Law, and the Arts and Sciences. See
FACULTY.
They are call'd Vniverrities, or Vuiverfal Schools, by
reafon the four Faculties are fuppofed to make the World
or Univerfe of Study.
In the Eye of the Law, an Vniver/rty is held a mere
Lay Body, or Community; tho, in reality, it be a mix'd
Body, compos'd partly of Laymen, and partly of Ecclefiaf-
ticks. See COMMUNITY, COMPANY, W.jC.
Vniver/rties had their firfi Rife in the XI1th and XIIIth
Centuries.-.-Thofe of Paris and .Boulogne pretend to be the
firit that were Let on foot; but then they were on a dife-
rent Footing from the Vniverfities among us. See SEMI-
NA RY, and SCHOOL.
The Vniverrity of Paris is faid to have commenced un-
der Charlemaign, and to owe its Rife to four Englijbmen,
Difciples of Venerable Bede; who going to that City, made
a Propofal to fet up and fell Learning; and accordingly
held their firft Leclures in Places afi gn' 'em by that Prince:
Such is the Account given by Gaguin, Gilles, de Aeauvais,
&c. Tho the Authors who wrote in thofe Days, as Eginard,
Acmon, Rheginon, Sigebert, &c. make not the leaft men-
tion thereof.
Add, that Pafquier, du Millet, &c. declare openly againrft
the Opinion ; and allert, that its firfi Foundations were not
laid till Louis the Young, and Philip Augafte, in the XIIth
Century.--The earliefi mention we find made of it, is in
Regordus, who lived in that Age ; and who was Cotempo-
rary with Peter Lombard, the Mailer of the Sentences, the
great Glory of that Vniverfity; in Memory of whom, an
Anniverfary is to this Day obferv'd by that Body, in the
Church of S. Marcel, where he lies buried.
But 'tis certain it was not efilablifh'd all at once : It ap-
pears to have been at firil no other than a publick School
in the Cathedral Church ; from which it grew, by little
and little, under the Favour and Proteaion of the Kings, in-
to a regular Body.
In effet, our own Vniver/rties, Oxford and Cambridge,
feem intitled to the greatefc Antiquity of any in the World;
and Vniverfity, Baliol, and Merton Colkges in Oxford, and
St. Peter's in Cambridge, all made Colleges in the X1lIth
Century, may be faid to be the firfi regular Endowments qf
this kind in Europe.
For tho Vniverrity College in Cambridge had been-ed
Place for Students ever fince the Year 87 2 ; yet this, like
mnany of the other antient Colleges beyond Sea, and Leyin
to this, Day, was no proper College; but the Students, with-
out any Diflinaion of Habit, liv'd in Citizens Houfesi hav-
ing only Meeting-Places to hear Leaures, and difpute.
In After-times, there were Houfes built for the Students
to live in Society; only each to be at his own Charge, as in
the Inns of Court. See INN.
Thefe, at firfl, were call'd Inns; but now Halls. SeeHALL.
At laft, plentiful Revenues were fettled on feveral of thefe
Halls, to maintain the Students in Diet, Apparel, &c. and
thefe were call'd Colleges. See COLLEGE.
The Vniverfities of Oxford and Cambridge are govern'd,
next under the King, by a Chancellor, who is to take care
of the Government of the whole Vniverfity, to maintain the
Liberties thereof, Cc. See CHANCELLOR.
Under him is the High Steward, whofe Office is to af-
fi the Chancellor and other Officers, when requir'd, in the
Execution of their Offices; and to hear and determine ca-
pital Caufes, according to the Laws of the Land, and the
Privileges of the Vniverfity.
The next Officer is the Vice-Chancellor, who officiates for
the Chancellor in his abfence.-There are alfo two Proaors,
who affill in the Government of the Univerfity; particu-
larly in the Bufinefs of School-Exercife, taking up Degrees,
punifhing Violaters of the Statutes, Wc. See PROCTOR.
Add, a publick Orator, Keeper of Records, Regifter,
Beadles, and Virger.
For the Degrees taken up in each Faculty, with the Ex-
ercifes, Ec. requifite thereto, fee DEGREE ; fee alfo Doc-
TOR, BATCRELOR, Sc.
UNIVOCAL, in the Schools, is applied to two or more
Name or Terms, that have but one Signification. In Op-
pofition to Equivocal; which is, where one Term has two
or more Significations.
Or, UnIvocal Hermns, are fuch whofe Name, as well as
Nature, is the fame; in oppofition to Eqvivocals, whofe
Names are the fame, but their Naturesvery different. See
Eogi VOCAL.                                  4
For a thing to be predicated univocally of any others, it
is to be attributed to all of them alike, and in the fame
proper Senfe. See PREDICATE, and PREDICABLE-.,
UN I VOCAL Generation-The Dolrine of the Antients with
refpe&l to Propagation, was, That all perfea Animals were
produced by Vnivocal Generation, that is, by the fole Uni-
e >   .           ^A*~~


3 2 5; ]                 iV OC
on or Copulation of a Male and Female of the ame Specides
or Denomination: and, that Infeds were produced by Equi-
vocal Generation, without any Seed, and merely of the
Corruption of the Earth exalted, and as it were impregna'
ted by the Sun's Rays. See EQUIVOCAL, INSECT, UC.
Some Philofophers make a kind of Intermediate Genera-
tion, between Equivocal and Vnivocal, which they call
analogous Generation. See GENER ATION.          d
UNIVOCALS, call'd by the Greeks, Syonymaas, are de-
fined by Arifotle to be thofe Things w hofe Name is com-
mon, and the Reafon correfponding to the Name, that is,
the Definition of the Idea affix'd to it, the fame.
Thus, under the Name and Definition of Anmmal, Man
and Brute are equally included; and Circle and Square in
the Reafon or Definition of a Figure.
Here, the word, as Figure, they ufe to call Vnivocum ani-vo-
cans, or univocating Vnivocal; and the Things included under
the univocal Name, Vnivoca univocata, univocatedVnivocals.
UNIVOCATION, in Logicks and Metaphyficks.-The
School-men have long difputed about the Vnivocation of
Being, i. e. whether the general Idea of 7eing agree in the
fame manner, and in the fame fenfe, to the Subltance and
the Accident; to God, and the Creature.
UNLAWFUL, Illegal, fomething prohibited by, orcon-
trary to, the Terms of a Law, either divine or human. See
LAW.
UNLAWFUL Afemwbly, is particularly ufed for the meeting
of three or more Perfons together by Force, to commit Come
unlawful A& 5 as to affault any Perfon, to enter his Houfe,
or Land, Wc. and thus abiding together, tho not attempt-
ing the Execution thereof. See AssEMBLY, RIOT, ASc.
By the Stat. r6 Car. II. if five Perfons, or more, fhall be
affembled together, above thofe of the Family, at any Con-
venticle or Meeting, under colour of any exercife of Reii-
gion, it is unlawful, and punilhable by Fines, and other-
wife, as in that Statute is provided.
UNLIKE     Zuantities, and Signs in Algebra. See LIxE
SignsandkQahnzties; fee aifo SIGN, and QUANTITY.
UNLIMITED or Indeterminate Problem, is fuch a one
as is capable of infinite Solutions.-As, to divide a T. ianglo
given into two equal Parts, to make a Circle pafs thro' two
Points affign'd, Qec. See PROBLEM.
UNLUTING, in Chymifiry, the taking away of the
Lute, Loam, orClay, where-with aVeffel is clofed, join'd to
another, orthe like. See LUTE.
- UNMOOR, a Term ufed at Sea, when a Veael that be-
fore rid, or was'held' by two Anchors, is begun to get them
up, and pitpared to'weigh. See ANCHOR and MOOR.
UNQUES PriJt, a Plea in Law-fuit, by which a Man pro-
fefies himfelf always ready to perform what the Demandant
requires.
-UNREEVING a Rope. See REEVE.
-UNRIGGING of a Ship, is the taking away the Rig-
ging or Cordage. See RIGGING.
UNSEELING, in Falconry, a taking away the Thread
that runs thro' the Hawk's Eye-lids and hinders her Sight.
See HAWK, and FALCONRY.
Drawing the Strings of the Hood, to be in Readinefs to
pull of, is call'd, Un/riking the Hood.
VOCABULARY, in Grammar, a Term lignifying, a
Collecion of the Words of a Language, with their Signifi-
cations; otherwise call'd a Dictionary, Lexicon, or Nome-n-
clature. See WORD.
The Vocabulary is, properly, a lelter kind of Di~tionary,
which does not enter fo minutely into the Origins and diffe-
rent Acceptations of Words. See DICTIONARY.
The Italian Vocabulary of the Academy de la Crufca, was
forty Years in compiling.
TheWord is French, form'd of the obfolete term Vocable;
of the Latin, Vocabulum, word.
VOCAL, Something that relates to the Voice. See VoicE.
Thus, Vocal Prayer is that fpoke out, or delivered in
words: In contra-diflinaion to mental Prayer. See PRAYER.
In our antient Cuffoms, Vocalis is frequently ufed for fo
call'd-P oft hec Morganus de tribu Walenfiuam, & alter no-
mine Madocus vocalis princeps eorum. Matt. Paris.
The Term is fometimes alfo ufed fubflantively, in fpeak-
ing of Matters of Elecaion, to fignify a Perfon who has a
right to vote.-A Man muff have been a Religious a certain
number of Years, to be a Vocal. See VoTE.
VOCAL M/lic, is Mufic fet to Words, efpecially Verfes ;
and to be perform'd with the Voice. In contra-difiincfionto
rInfrumental Mu/ic, compofed only for Initruments, without
Singing. See MusIC.
Poetry then makes a necefrary Part of Vocal Murick; and
this appears to have been the chief, if not the only Pradice
of the Antients, from the Definitions which they gave us of
Mufic. See HARMONY, flc.
< ITheir Vocal Muic feems to have had forme Advantage
over ours, in that the Greek and Latin Languages were bet-
ter contrived to pleafe the Ear than the modern ones. -- In
ef&e&, Vogls taxes all the later Languages as unfit for Mufic,
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