C O M


/ , y1 e
- Iu


Fpire; fornetitnes are indieTerefit to each other,
and fometimes are oppofire. Thus, if a Man have
fuch firong B~enevolence as would have produced
an Ac'tion without any Views to Self-Intereffi; that
fuch a Man has alfo in view private Advantage,
does no way diminilh the Benevolence of the Ac-
tion. When he would not have produc'd fo much
publick Good, had it not been for profpeit of
Self-Interefi; then the Eafh& of Self-Love is to be
deduced; and his fBenevolence is proportion'd to
the Remainder of Good, which pure Benevolence
would have produced. When a Man's Benevo-
lence is hurtful to himfelf, then Self-Love is op-
pofite to Benevolence 5 and the Benevolence is
proportion'd to the Sum of the Good produe'd,
and the Refiflance of the Self-Love furinounted
thereby.-The Morality of any Perfon, or the
Quantity of publick Good produc'd by him, is
in a compound Ratio of his Benevolence and Abi-
lities: Or, (by fubtlituting the initial Letters for
the Words, as M    Moment of Good, and A-
Moment of Evil) M = B x A. Idem ib, D. iW.


131. 14, 199.'
When the two Pages deflin'd for one Clafs are full, look
forwards for the next Backfide that is blank; if it be that
which immediately follows, write at the bottom of the Mar-
gin of the Page fill'd, the Letter V. for Verte, turn over;
and the fame at the top of the next Page ; and continue
fiom this new Page as before. If the Pages immediately
following be already fill'd with other Claffes; write at the
bottom of the Page laf{ fill'd the Letter V. with the Numn-
bor of the next blank Page; and at the topof that Page, the
Number of thS Page lall fill'd: Then entering that Head
in this new Page, proceed as before. By thefe two Num-
bers of reference, the one at the top, and the other at the
bottom of the Page, the discontinued Matters are again con-
nected. It may not be amifs, too, every time you put a
Number at the bottom of a Page, to put it likewife in the
Index. Note, if the Head be a Monofyllable beginning
with a Vowel, the Vowel is at the fame time both the
initial Letter and the charaaerifiic Vowel: Thus, the
Word Art is to be wrote in A a.
I Mr. Locke omits three Letters of the Alphabet in his
Index, viz. K, Y, and W5 which are fupplied by C, 7, U,
equivalent to them: And as for ZQ, fince it is always fol-
low'd by ani e .he puts it in the iifth Place of Z; and fo
has no Z v, which is a Charaaeriftic very rarely occurs.
By thus making O the laft in the Index, its Regularity
is preferv'd, .without diminishing its Extent.
Others chufe to retain the Clafs Z it, and affign a Place
for  £u below the Index,
If any imagine that thofe hundred Claffes are not fuffil
dent to comprehend all kinds of Subjeas without Confu-
fion, he may follow the fame Method, and yet augment the
Number to 5oo, by taking in one more Charaierillic to 'em.
But the Inventor affures us, that in all his Colleffions,
for a long Series of Years, he never found any deficiency
in the Index as above laid down.
COMMON    PEEAS, Communia Placita, or Pancus Com-
munnis, one of the King's Courts, now conflantly held in
Weywminfter-RaliI but antiently moveable. See COV.T.
Gwin obferves, that till the granting of Magna Cbarta
there were but two Courts called the King's Courts, 'viz.
the Exchequer, and the King's-Ilench; and that upon the
Grant of that Charter the Court of Common-'Pleas was e-
refted, and fix'd to a Place certain, viz. Weftminfler-Hall:
whence the Writs which before tean Coram me vet 7ufticia.
riis meis, fimtly 5 were now chang'd, and run Coram .'7tf-
ticiariis meis apud Weftmon. See BENCH.
All Civil Caufes, both Real and Criminal, aWe, or were
in former Times, tried in this Courr, according to the firiE&
Law of the Realm: Forte/cue reprefents it as the only
Court for Real Cauufes.
The Chief Juffice hereof is call'd the Lord Chief-7aftice
e the Common fPleas; who is accomnpanied with three or four
his Affociates, created by Letters Patent, and as it were in-
Judges Ahll'd or placed on the common Bench by the Lord
Chancallokw  and the Lord ChiefJuflice of the court.  See
JUSTICE.
The refl of the Officers belonging to this Court, are the
Cuftos Boeviaw * three TProtbonotaries, or Prznotaries * Chi-
tirerpAher';14 klazers; 4 Exigenters; Clerk of the War-
rants; Cilerk of ithe 7ries or Hyuraa Writs jClerk of the
~rrea~ry; Clerk of T~ King's Silver 5 Clerk of the E-Foigns;
Clerk of the Outl'wries; Clerk of the Errors  whofe fe-
veral Fun~ions Se in their Places CUSTOS 7YriUM  PRO-
THONOTARY, EXiGENTER, CLERK, WC.
COMMON Bench.    ? S    COMMON Pleasm.
COmMON               ee    CoiI. S  ommon Coutmla.
COMMON-Hunt, the Chief-luntfiman belonging to the
Lord Mayor and the City of London. See MAYoA.,


COMMON Recetpacle.?    ee REtEPTACLt.
COMMON Senfory.   S      MSENSORY.
COMMONER, is ufed for a Student in an Un'eYerrfiq
enter'd on the Foundation, and not as a Servitor. See. UNI-
VERSITY.
The Word is alfo apply'd to a Member If the Houfe of
commons; in contradifin&ion to a Peer. See Com]MONS.
COMMONSi in Parliament; are the lower Houfe, con-
fifing of Knights ele&ed by the Counties, and of Citizens;
and Burgeffes by the Cities and Borough-Towns.    See
KNIGHTj and BURGEss ;fee alfo Cot7NTY, BOROUGHS WC.
In thefe Eledions, antientlyi all the People had Votes v
but King Henry VI. to avoid Tumults, firfi appointed, that
none lhould vote for Knights but fuich as were Fzeeholders4
did refide in the County, and had 40s. yearly Revenue:
The Perfons elected for Counties to be ,Milites notnailes, at
leaf Efquires, or Gentlemen fit for Knighthood;X native
Engli/hmen, at leaft naturaliz'd; and 2i Years of Age : Nd
Judge, Sheriflf or Ecclefia{ical Perfon, to fit in tha Houfe
for County, City, or Borough.
All Members of either Houfe, with their menial èervants;
and necelfary Goods brought with 'em, are privilcg'd
from all Attachments and Imprifonments . except for Trea-
fon, Felonyj or breach of Peace, all the time of the Seffionj
and till they arrive at home, eundo, morando, ad propria
redeundo.
The Commons fit in their Houfe promifcuoufly ; only the
Speaker has a Chair, or Seat, fix'd towards the upper Endi
and the Clerk, with his Affifant, fits near him.
The Members have no Robes, as the Lords ever bad;
excepting the Speaker and Cierks; and fomctivnes the Pro-
fetlors of Law in Term-time, and the Members of the City
of London.
On the firfi Day of the new Parliament, ere any Aftair is
meddled with, all the Members take the Oaths; ufuallyi
before the Lord Steward, and in the Court of Wards. See
OATHS.
They then proceed to the Choice of a Speaker. See
8PEAKER.
After the Eledion of a Speaker, they take the Oaths a'
second time,
Power and Privileges of the Holife of COMMONS. All
Bills for levying Money on the Subjed, begin in the Houfd
of Commons ; in regard, 'tis from them the greateft Part of
the Monies arife: nor will they allow the Lords to make
any alteration in a Money-Bill.
They have the Privilege to fropoL
fecd, the grand Inquefi of the Realm; prefent publick
Grievances; impeach publick Delinquents, even the higheft
Officers of the K.ingdom; and profecute 'etn before the
Houfe of Lords, who are a Court of Judicature, tho the
Commons are not.
The Commons are allow'd their Expences during Parlia-
inent-rivmd rationa i/es expenfas, as the Wor's of the Writ
are, i. e. fuch Allowance as the King, confidering the Prices
of Things, lhall think proper to impofe on the People they
reprefont. In 17 Ed-w. II. the Allowance was ten Groats
for Knights, and five for Burgefies, per Day i afterwards it
was rais'd to four Shillings a Day for dubbed Knights, and
two Shillings for all the reft : But all Allowance is now
grown into difufe; and the Courfe of the Money turn'd thd
other way. See PARLIAMENT.
COMMONS is alW ufed in oppolition to Nobles, or Peeir;
viz,. for all forts of Perfons under the degree of a Baron; in-
cluding the Orders of Knights, Efquires, Gentlemen, the
Sons of the Nobility, and Yeomen. See each under its pro-
pr Article EsqyJaR1* GENTLEMAN, YEOMAN, SC.
COMMONS is alllb ufed for the ftated and ordinary Diet, or
Eating of a Collegep Inns of Court, or other Society. See
COMMONWEALTH. See REP 'UB'LICi.
COMMOTE, an antient Term, in Wales, as appears froni
Stat. Wali:. a Conrote was half a Cantred, or Hundred i
containing 50 Villages. See HUNDRiED.
Wales was anrtiently divided into three Provinces, eath
of thefe fubdivided into Cdntreds; and every Canitred intd
Hundreds.
Sylvefter Girald, however, tells us in his itinerary, that
Commote is but a quarter of a Hundred.
COMMOTION, an intefine Motion, or Luffation ii the
Parts of any thing.
In Medicinei the Term is chiefly ufed for a blow, or
Shake of the Brain. Thus, we fay, a Convulfion is a Com-
motion of the fine medullary Fibres of the Brain. A fall
occafions a Commoionti  whence Reqeuently arifes a counter-
firoke on the oppofite Part whic  occalions lbmetiries A'
Contrafiffure, and at other times a Rupture of the Vef-
fq1sj and an Apofthume, by Ihaking the whole Mari of At*
Brain.
CQMMUNIUTS-ocis, a Latin Term, in fri uehi ti3
among Philofophia    . Writers j implying fIomeq Xeiutm
or mean Relation between feveral Places.
6 X a X             'thug,


C O M