W A X


the tiquid in the Tube rifes and falls, till it- has lof all its
Motion by the Friaion.
The Quantity of Matter to be moved, is the whole Li-
quid in the Tube a the moving Force, is the Weight of the
Column I E, whofe weight is always double the Difiance B i;
which diflance, therefore, increases and dirninifhes in the
fame Ratio with the moving Force.-But the Diflance E i
is the Space to be run thro' by the Liquid, in order to its
moving from the Polition B H, to the Pofition of Rei; 5
which Space, therefore, is always as the Force continually
aching upon the Liquid: But it is demonfirated, that it is
on this account that all the Vibrations of a Pendulum, ofcil-
lating in a Cycloid, are Ifochronal; and therefore, here alfo,
whatever be the Inequality of the Agitations, the Liquid
always goes and returns in the fame Time. The Time
in which a Liquid thus agitated afcends or defcends, is the
Time in which a Pendulum vibrates, whofe length is equal
to half the Length of Liquid in the Tube, or to half the
Sum of the Lines E F, F G, G H. This length is to be
meafur'd in the Axis of the Tube. See PENDULUM.
From thefe Principles, to determine the Celerity of the
Waves, we muff confider feveral equal Waves following one
another immediately ; as A, B. C, D, E, F, (Fig.33.) which
move from A towards F: The Wave A has run its breadth,
when the Cavity A is come to C i which cannot be, unlefs
the Water at C afcend to the height of the Top of the
Wave, and again defcends to the depth C  in which Mo-
tion, the Water is not agitated fenfibly below the Line b i:
Therefore this Motion agrees with the Motion in the Tube
abovemention'd, and the Water afcends and defcends, that
is, the Wave goes thro' its Breadth, while a Pendulum of
the Length of half B C performs two Ofcillations, or whilfi a
Pendulum of the Length B C D, that is, four times as long as
the firtt, performs one Vibration. Therefore, the Celerity of
the Wave depends upon the Length of the Line B C D ;
which is greater, as the Breadth of the Wave is greater, and
as the Water defcends deeper in the Motion of the Waves.
-In the broadeft Waves, which do not rife high, fuch a
Line as B C D, does not much differ from the Breadth of
the Wave ; and in that Cafe, a Wave moves its breadth,
while a Pendulum equal to that W'ave ofcillates once. See
OSCILLATION.
In every.equable Motion, the Space gone thro' increafes
with the Time and the Celerity; wherefore, multiplying the
Time by the Celerity, you have the Space gone thro':
whence it follows, that the Celerity of the Waves are as the
fquare Roots of their Breadth: For as the Times in which
they go thro' their Breadths are in that Ratio, the fame
Ratio is requir'd in their Celerities, that the Produas of the
Times by their Celerities may be as the Breadth of the
Waves, which are the Spaces gone thro'.
WAVED, or WAVY, a Term in Heraldry, when a Bor-
dure, or any Ordinary or Charge in a Coat of Arms, has its
Out-lines indented, in manner of the rifing and falling of
Wlaves.
This is alfo called Undy. See UNDY.
710 WAVE, is alfo ufed in the Sea Language, for the ma-
king Signs for a Ve~fel to come near, or keep off. See SIGNAL.
WAVESON, in the Admiralty Law, a Term ufed for
fuch Goods, as after Shipwreck do appear fwimming on the
Waves. See FLOTSON, JETSON, CC.
WAX, Cera, a foft yellowifh Matter, whereof the Bees
form Cells to receive their Honey. See CELL.
Wax is not the Excrement of this laborious Infeff, as the
Antients, and after them many of the Moderns, have ima-
gin'd.
'Tis properly a Juice, exuding out of the Leaves of Plants,
and adhering to the Surface thereof ; from which it is fcrap'd
off by 'the Bees with their rough Thighs, to build their
Combs withal.-It is chiefly affordedby Lavender and Rofe-
mary; fotm which lafi, any body may gather Wax; and,
with the afliflance of the Microfcope, the Wax may be plain-
ly feen flicking on the Leaves of the Plant.-So that Wax
is not an Animal, but a Vegetable Subfiance.
Naturalifls have generally imagin'd the Wax to be ga-
ther'd from the Flower, fome ftom the Petala, and others
from the Apices; but !Boerhaave affirms it a Juice peculiar
to the Leaves, and not afforded by the Flowers, which only
yield Honey. See HONEY.
The Honey is form'd of a liquid Matter fuck'd into the
Body ; and only feems to arrive at its Perfecion in the
Entrails of the little Animal: Whereas the Wax, being
a hard Subflance, is gather'd only with the fore Legs and
Chaps; convey'd thence to the middle Legs, and thence to
the middle Joint of the hind Legs, where there is a fmall
Cavity, like the bowl of a Spoon, to receive it; and where
it is colleEted into Heaps, of the Ihape and fize of Lentils.
The Bee arrived at the Hive with its Load of Wax, finds
fome difficulty in unburdening himfelf of fo tenacious a
Matter.-Frequently, being unable to lay it down himfelf, he
calls for Affillance, by a particular Motion of the Legs and
Wings; upon which, a number of his Companions firait run


I.11   .j


W AX


to his fuccQur, and each with his Jaws takes off a faiall
quantity of the Wax; others fucceeding; till their laden kel-
low be quite disburden'd. See HONEY-CoMB.
Wax makes a very confiderable Article in Cdmmercd ;
the Confumption thereof; throughout the feveral Parts of
Eurobe, being incredible.-There are two Kinds, 'white,
and yellow ; the yellow is the native Wax jufl as it comes
out of the Hive, after expreffing the Honey, Ad. the white
is the fame Wax, only purify'd, wafh'd, and expos'd to.the
Air. The Preparation of each follows.
Yellow WAX.
To ptocufe the Wax from the Combs for ude; after fd-
parating the Honey from them, in the manner defcrib'd
under the Article HONEY; they put all the Matter remaid-
ing in a large Kettle, with a fufficient quantity of Water ;
where, with a moderate Fire, they melt it, and then firain
it thro' a linen Cloth, by a Prefs: ere cold, they fcum it with
a Tyle, or a piece of wet Wood, and call it, while yet
warm, in wooden, earthen, or metalline Molds; having firEl
anointed 'em with Honey, Oil, or Water, to prevent the
MTax from flicking.-Some, to purify it, make ufe of Ro-
man Vitriol, or Copperas; but the true Secret is to melt,
fcum it, Eec. properly, without any Ingredients at all.
The befl is that of a high Colour, an agreeable Smell,
brittle, and that does not flick to the Teeth when chew'd.
'Tis often fophiflicated with Rofin, or Pitch colour'd with
Rocou, or Turmeric.
By Chymifiry, Wax yields a white thick Oil, refembling
Butter; whence the Chymifls call it Butter of Wax.-
From this Oil is drawn a fecond, as clear as Water: Both
the one and the other are excellent for Chilblains.-The Fe-
ces remaining in the Bag after expreffing the Wax, is ufed
both by Farriers and Surgeons, with fuccefs againit Strains.
White WAX.
The whitening or blanching of Wax, is perform'd by re-
ducing the yellow fort, firfl, into little bits or grains, by
melting it, and throwing it, while hot, into cold Water; or
elfe by fpreading it into very thin Leaves, or Skins, This Wax,
thus granulated, or flatted, is expofed to the Air on linen
Cloths ; where it refis Night and Day, having equally need
of Sun and Dew. Then they melt and granulate it over
again feveral times; fill laying it out to the Air in the In-
tervals between the Meltings.
When the Sun and Dew have at length perfeclly blanch'd
it, they melt it for the lafi time in a large Kettle; out of
which they caft it with a Ladle, upon a Table cover'd over
with little round Dents or Cavities, of the form of the Cakes
of white Wax fold by the Apothecaries, &c. having firft
wet thofe Molds with cold Water, that the Wax may be the
eafier got out. Lafily, they lay out thefe Cakes to the Air
for two Days and two Nights, to render it thore tranirparefit
and drier.
This Wax is ufed in the making of Torches, Tapers,
Flambeaux, Figures, and other Wax-works. See TAPER,
TORCii, SC.
It is alfo an Ingredient in Plaiflers, Cerats, and divers
Pomatums and Unguents for the Complexion. See Cz.
RAk T, fC.
Yellow Wax is made foft with Turpentine, yet retains its
natural Colour.-Red Wax, is only the white melted with
Turpentine and redden'd with Vermilion or Orcanette.-
Verdegreafe makes it green; and burnt Paper or Lampblack,
black.-Some Travallers tell us of a natural black Wax i
affuring us there are Bees, both in the Eaf and Wefi-Indies,
that make an excellent Honey, included in black Cells. Of
this Wax it is that the Indians make thofe little Vafes,
wherein they gather their Balfam of 2'olu.
Virgin WAX, or Propolis, is a fort of reddilh Wax, ufed
by the Bees to flop up the Clefts or Holes of the Hive:
'Tis applied jufi as taken out of the Hive, without any AV, or
Preparation of boiling, E-c.-'Tis the moft tenacious of any,
and is held good for the Nerves. See PROPOLIS.
Sealing WAX, or Spani/j WAX, is a Compofition of Gum
Lacca, melted and prepar'd with Rofin and Chalk, and co-
lour'd red with ground Cinnabar. See LAccA.
WAx-Candles. See CANDLE.
WAX-WORR.--Here we mufl not forget that pretty Inven-
tion of M. RenoiJl, a Man famous at Paris for his Figures
of Wax.-Being by Profefflion a Painter, he found the Secret
of forming Molds on the Faces of living Perfons, even the
fairefl and modl delicate, without any danger either to
Health or Complexion: In which Molds he cafl Mafks of
Wax; to which by his Colours, and glafs Eyes imitated
from Nature, he gave a fort of Life: infomuch, as when
cloth'd in proper Habits, they bore fuch a resemblance,
that it was difficult diflinguilhing between the Copy and
the Original.
Grafting WAX, is a Compofit' , rving to bind or fix
the Bud or Graft in the Cleft Ovthe Stock. See GRAFT-
ING.
Inflead


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