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=P4    rawr, and Ioln, that it is cut.-oXg Tobacco is what
is ufed both for chewing and ralping. See TOBACCO.
ROLL, in Law, a Schedule of Paper or Parchment, which
iay be wound up by the Haxd into the fashion of a Pipe. See
SCHEDULE, &ry
Of thefe there are in the Exchequer feveral Kinds, viz. the
great    d    R     the C[irers-Roll, the Smbfdy-Roll, &c.
i PiPE, &C.
The Word is form'd from the Latin Ratuuts, or Rotrilus, be-
caufe mOit Inifruments and Expeditions in Law were antiently
wrote on Papers, or Parchments few'd or glued together: Whence
the Words enroll, control!. See ENROLL, CONTROLL, ICE
ROLLS of Parlament, are the Manukcript Regifters or Rolls
of the Proceedings of our antient Parliaments.  See PARLIA-
MENT, REGISTER, quC.
Before the ufe of Printing, and till the Reign of Henry VIT.
Our Statutes were all engrotled in Parchment, (and by virtue cf
the King's Writ for that purpofe) proclaimed openly in every
County. See ACT.
In thefe Rolls we have a great many Decifions of difficult
Points of Law, which were frequently in former Times referr'd
to the Decifion of that high Court. See STATUTE, COMMON-
LAW, &c.
I Rider-RoLL, a Schedule, or fmall Piece of Parchment, fre-
quently few'd or added to fome Part of a Roll, or Record.
Noy obferves that the Court ex offico, may award a certiorari
adlftormaaedam Confcientiarn; and that which is certified ihall be
annex'd to the Record, .and call'd a Rider-Roll.
ROLL, in the Cuftorrs, is a Lift of the Names of feveral
Perfons of the fame Condition, or enter'd in the fame Engage-
ment.-Thus,
court Roll, in a Mannor, is that wherein the Names, Rents,
and Services of each Tenant are copied and enrolled.  See
COURT, MANOR, TENANT, RENT, SERVICE, &C.
Mufler-Roll, that wherein are enter'd the Soldiers of every
Troop, Company, Regiment, &c. See MUSTER.
As foon as a Soldier's Name is wrote down on the Roll, 'tis
Death for him to defert. See DESERTION.
Calves-Head-ROLL, is a Roll in the two Temples, wherein
every Bencher is tax'd yearly at 2s. every Barrifter at I s. 6 d. and
every Gentleman under the Bar, at I S. to the Cook, and other
Ofiicers of the Houfe, in Confideration of a Dinner of Calves-
Heads, provided in Eafter Term. See TEMPLE.
Ragman's-ROLL, or Ragimun4's-RoLL, is a Roll denominated
from Ragimund a Legate in Scotland, who calling before him all
the People who held Benefices in that Kingdom, caufed them
upon Oath to give in the Value of their Eltares; according to
which they were afterwards tax'd in the Court of Rome.
ROLLS, or Office of the Rolls, in Chancery-Lane, London, is an
Office appointed for the Cuflody of the Rolls and Records in
Chancery. See CHANCERY, RECORD, &c.
The Majter of this Office is the fecond Perfon in that Court;
and in the Abfence of the Lord Chancellor, fits as Judge.  See
MASTER of the Rolls.
This Houfe or Office was antiently call'd Domus Converjirum;
as being appointed by King Henry III. for the ufe of converted
Yews; but their Irregularities occafioned King Edward III. to
expell them thence; upon which the Place was deputed for the
Cuffody of the Rolls. See CONVERSORUM.
A ROLL of Parchment, is the Quantity of fixty Skins.  See
PARCHMENT.
ROLL, in Antiquity.-From the Time of AnafJlaus, we find
in the Hands of the Emperors, on Medals, a kind of narrow
long Roll, or Sachell, the meaning whereof has puzled the An-
tiquaries.
Some imnagine it to be a Roll or Bundle of Papers, Memoirs
Petitions, &c. prefented occafionally to Princes and Confuls.-
Others take it to be a plaited Handkerchief, which the Perfons
who prefided at the Games, cafl forth as a Signal for their begin-
ning.-Others will have it a Bag of Dull and Athes, prefented
the Emperor at the Ceremony of his Coronation, and call'd
AKAKlA.q. d. a Means of preferving Innocence, by the re-
membrance of Dufl, &e. See ACACIA.
ROLL, or ROLLER, is alfo a Piece of Wood, of a cylindrical
Form, ufed in the Conltrudion of feveral Machines, and in fe-
veral Works and Manufactures; though fometimes under other
Names. See ROLLING, CYLINDER, &C.
'Tis on fuch Rolls that the Woollen, Silken, and other Threads
are wound, whereof the Weaver's Works confifL-For which
end each Loom has ufually two, that of the Gawfe-Weavers,
three. See LooM.
In theiGls  Manufadure they have a runing Roll, being a
thick Cylinder of calt BraIs, ferving to condud the melted Gla1s
to the end of the Table whereon large Looking-Glatfes, &c.
are to be caf. See GLASS-WORK.
The Founders ufe a Robr to work the Sand which they ufc
in maling their Moulds. See FOUNDERY.I
The Preffes call'd Calenders, Is ferving to Calender Stuffs
withal confift,' among other edenal Parts, of two Rollers. See
CALENDER.
'Tis alfo between two Rakrs that the Waves are given to Silks,
Mobairs, and other Stuffs proper rp be tabied. See TABBY.


Prints, or tmpreffibns fAon CRoppe-Plates, -4 aft   -taen1
paffing the Plate andthe Paper between twoRoler:. SeedPam
and RoLLING-Prefs-pristmg.
ROLLS, in Coining, are two.Iron Iniftrumrnts of a cylind
cal Figure, which ferve to draw or ftretch out the Plates
Gold, Silver, and other Metal; whereof the Planks or Piet
are to be forild for be Species. See CINING.
ROLLS, in Printing, are two large Cylinders or Barrels
Wood, faftened in the middle of what they call the Cradle
Gallows of the Prefs; and which by means of a Cord, or Gi
palling over each, and a Handles which gives Motion to one
them, draws the Carriage of the Prefs backwards and forwar
See PRINTING'
ROLLS, in the Sugar-Works, are two large Iron Batrels whi
ferve to bruife the Canes, and exprefs the Juice.
They are caa hollow, and their Cavities fill'd up with Woo
the Cylinders of which are properly the Reller:. See SUGA
orks.
ROLLS, or ROLLERS, a~mong Carpenters, Maions, &c.
plain Cylinders of Wood, feven or eight Inches in Diamet
and three or four Foot long; ufed for the removing of' Bean
huge Stones, and other like Burthens, which are cumberfon
but not exceeding heavy.
Thefe R9llers are placed fuccpffiveiy under the Fore-part
the Mallives to be removed; which, at the fame time, are pall
forwards by Levers, &c. applied behind. See LEVER.


Edlefi-kOLLS.-W hen Blocks of Marble, or other exce vc
heavy Loads are to be removed; they ufe wh=a they call LE:d-
lefs-Rolls.
-Thefe, to give them  the greater Force, and prevent their
burfting, are mnade'of Wood jointed together by Crols-Quarrers,
are about double the length and thicknels of the common Roller;
and befides, are girt with feveral large Iron Hoops at each end.
-At a Foot's Diftance from the Ends are four Mortaifes, or ra-
ther only two, but pierced through and through; into which are
put the Ends of long Levers, which the Workmen draw by
Ropes faftened to the Ends; ftill changing the Mortaife, as the
Roll has made, aQuarterof aTurn.
ROLL-Rich-Smones, in Antiquity, aSeriesof huge Stones, ran-
ged in a Circle, near Morton in--MarAb, in Oxfordjhire.
There are a World of fabulous Traditions about them.-A-
mong the Antiquaries, fome take them to be a Monument of a
Viatory; others a Burin-Place; and others a Place for the Coo-
ronation of the DaniZ  ings.
ROLLER. See ROLL.
ROLLING, REVOLVING, in Mechanicks, a kind of circu-
lar Motion, wherein the Moveable turns round its own Axis, or
Centre, and continually applies new Parts of its Surface to the
Body it moves upon. See MOTION, REVOLUTION, Axis,
&C.
Such is that of a Wheel, a Sphere, or the like.-Such, parti-
cularly, are the Motions of the Earth, the Planets, & c.  See
WHEEL, PLANET, EARTH, &C.
The Motion of Rolling is oppofed to that of Sliding, wherein the
fame Surface is continually applied to the Plane it moves along.
See SLIDING.
It mull be noted, that in a Wheel, 'tis only the Circumfe-
rence that properly Rolls; the reft proceeds in a compound, an-
gular Kind of Motion, and partly Rolls, partly Slides.-The
not diftinguiffling between which two, occationed the difficulty
of that celebrated Problem the Rota Ari/gotelica, A/rifotl/'s WV heel.
See ROTA A4rifloteli-a, and ANGULAR-MotiOn.
The Fridtion of a Body in rolling, or the Refiftance made to
it by the roughness of the Plane it moves on, is found to be
much lefs than the Fricfibn in Sliding- See FRICTION.
Hence the great ufe of Wheels, Roli, &c. in Machines; as
much of the Adion as poffible being laid thereon, to make the
Refiftance the leffer. See WHEEL, MACHINE, &c.
I For the Laws of .odies rolling on inclined Planes, fee Inclined-
PLANE, DESCENT, &'C.
RoLLING-Prefi-Printing. See PRINTING.
ROMAN, fomething belonging to the City of Rome.
The Roman Commonwealth lafted from the Expulfion of the
Tarquins, to the Battle of Pharflia, 460 Years.-The Rowan
Empire, from  7ulius Cafar and the Battle of Pharfalia, to
Conflawtine, and the taking of Conjlantinople by the Turks in 3 30.
lafted 378 Years. See COMMIoNWEALTH, EMPIRE, &c.
A Roman Citizen, at firfi, was only a Citizen of Rome; at
length the Right of Citizenfhlip was given to other Cities and
People, both in Italy and the Provinces.-'Twas thus St. Paul
was a Roman Citizen, Ags xvi. 21. 37, 38. xxii. 25, 26, 27.
xxxiii. 27. the City of Tarfus in Cilicia, a Native of which he
was, having the Right of Roa Citizens. See CITIZEN.
For the Roman Senate, their Magilracy, Coxfuls, Soldery, Triks,
Cb*r::, Nivas:, Weights, hAkaficres, Coint, and other Matters rela-
ting to the Antiquities of that Peoples their Policy, Religio, Laou
Cw~jios &ac.\ fee the refpedtive Articles in this Work.
The Romaw Prpe is the Dignity bof a Cardinal.  See CAR-
DINAL.
he~~~r- eRoni       Chu,      0    -i    he- PO i
"The Roman, ~Rr~       Chrc, -that 'hereof tePpe, is
Head; in oppofition to the reformed Churchei. See CHURCH,
POPE, &c.


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