The W      is alfo ufed for the Time or Se-o Of gaether-
ing or rfing the Grapes. -
In Frances, a Decree or Ordonnance of the proper Judge,
and a folemn Publication thereof, are requikd, ere the Vin-
tage can be begun.
VINOUs, Vxkosus, fomething that relates to Wine;
particularly the'Tafte, and Smell thereof. See WINE.
All Vegetables, by a due Treatment, afford a Vmnous Li-
quOr; as Corn, Pulfe, Nuts, Apples, Grapes, Eec. See
MALT, BREWIN4G, tc.¢C
And a fecond Fermentation, duly manag'd, turns any
Vinous Liquor into an acetous one. See VINEGAR.
The proper Chara~er and Effe& of Fermentation, is to
produce either a Vinous or an acetous Quality in the Body
fermented. See FERMENT ATION.
Some ofour Countrymen, bound on a Voyage to the EaJf
Indies, having fill'd feveral Cafks with rI7Iames-Water, to
carry along with 'em; obferv'd an inteftine Motion in it,
when they came to the Equator; and found it afterwards
turn'd into a kind of Vinous Liquor, capable of afahrding an
inflammable Spirit by Diffillation.
This, without difpute, proceeded from the Flowers, Leaves,
Roots, Fruits, and other vegetable Matters, continually fall-
ing or walh'd down into that River.-Such Waters are al-
ways found in a State of Putrefafion, ere they put on a
Vinous Nature. See PUTREFACTION.
VINUM, a Liquor, or Drink, popularly call'd Wine. See
WINE.
VINUM, in Medicine, or VINUM Medicatum, is particu-
larly applied to feveral medicated Wines, i. e. Medicinal
Preparations, whereof that Liquor is the Bafis ; fuch as the
Vinum Marinum, Sea-Wine; made'by cafting Sea-Water
on the Grapes in the Vat.
Vinum Cydonites, Quince-Wine, made of Slices of that
Fruit, lee p'd in Muff, or new Wine.
Vinu vRofatum, Rofe-Wine; made by fteeping Rofes for
three Months in Wine.
Vinum Strobilites, or Pine-Apple Wine :-Vinum Hyfo-
pites, Hyfop-Wine.
Vinum   Aromaticum, made by infufing Aromaticks, or
Spices, in new Wine or Muff.
Vinum Picatum, pitch'd Wine; made of Pitch infus'd in
Muff.
Vinum, call'd alfo:4cetum, Scilliticum. See SCILILITICUM.
Vinum Abfynthites, or Wormwood-Wine; is made of
the great or little Abfyntbihm, by taking the Apices or Tops
of the Flowers, putting them in a Sacculas, or Bag, and fuf-
pending it in the middle of a Veffel of Wine; which fer-
menting, extracts the Tafte, Smell, and Virtues of the Worm-
wood.
Vinum Emeticum, Emetic Wine; is Wine wherein Glafs,
Regulus of Antimony,' and Crocus Metallorum have been
fleep'd. See EMETIC.
It only takes a certain degree of Efficacy from the Mat-
ters; nor is it found any fironger at three Months end, than
at the end of eight Days.-It purges both upwards and down-
wards.
Vinum Hi'ppocraticum, or Hippocras; fo called of Manica
Hippocratis, or Hippocrates's Sleeve, thro' which it is firain-
ed; is a fort of fpiced Wine, in which Sugar and Spices have
been fleeped for fometime. See CLARET, Fc.
VIOL, a Mufical Inftrument, of the fame Form with the
Violin; and ftruck, like that, with a Bow. See VIOLIN.
There are Viols of divers Kinds: The firfi, and the prin-
cipal, among us, is the !BR3-Viol, call'd by the Italians
Viola di Gamba, or the Leg-Viol; becaufe held between
the Legs.
'Tis the largeft of all; and is mounted with fix Strings,
having eight Stops, or Frets, divided by Semi-tones.
Its Sound is very deep, foft, and agreeable.-The Tabla-
ture, or Mufick for the Bafs-Viol, is laid down on fix Lines,
or Rules.
What the Italians call Alto Viola, is the Counter-Tenor
of this; and their lenore Viola the Tenor. They foome-
times call it limply the Viol: Some Authors will have it the
Lyra, others the Citbara, others the Cbelis, and others the
Tefluzdo of the Antients. See LYRA, Sc.
.0, The Love-Viol, which is a kind of Triple Viol, or Vio-
lin ; having fix brafs or feel Strings, like thofe of the Harp-
fichord.-It yields a kind of filver Sound, which has fome-
thing, in it very agreeable.
30, A Large Viol, with 44 Strings, call'd by the Italians
Viola di Bardone; but little known among us.
40, The Viola lBaftarda, or !Baflard Viol, of the Italians;
not ufed among us: !Broffard takes it to be a kind of Bafs-
Viol, mounted with fix or feven Strings, and tuned as the
common one.
5f, What the Italians call Viola di Braccio, Arm-Viol
or fimply Bracrio, Arm; is an Infirument anfwering to our
Counter-Tenor, Treble, and Fifth Violin.
6f, Their Viola Prima, or FirJ* Viol, is really our Coun
ter-Tenor Violin; at leaft, they commonly ufe the Cliu of


7   J                  V ff :  x1'a  esu
this Inflrya0iezir.
70, Ther 7ta 4Scund a is much the fame wit    T-
nor Violin 5 having the Key of CfAl us o the oi.n
80,. Teir T4 ola .rerza, is neary ofir Fifth Violin; theeY
Cfol utson the thlr4 tine;
g   Their Viola .Q1arta, or tourth Viol, is not knoIn in
England or France Tho we *requently find it in the-Ita-
Can Compofitions; the Key on the fiurth Line.
Laflly, their' Violetta, or little Viol; is in realityj out
Triple Viol: Tho Strangers frequently confound the Term
with what we have faid of the Iia/4a Prima, Secunda,
Tlerta, &C.
'VIoL is alio a Term ufed among Mariners, when a harind
Rope is bound faf Pwith Nippers tO the Cable, and brought
tO the Jeer-Cap~fan, for the better' weighing of the Anchor.
See ANCHOR.
VIOLATION, the A      0 of Violating, i. e. forcing a Wo-
man, or committing a Rape upon her. See RAPE.
Ammon, David's Son, violated his Sifter, who was. avengd
by Abfalom: tereus violated his Sifter-in-Law Philoaela.
-To violate the Queen, the King's Eldeft lDaughter, or
the Princefs of Wales, is High Treafon. See TREASON.
VIOLATION is alfo ufed in a Moral. Senfe for a Breach or
Infringment upon a Law, Ordinance, or the like.-Thus,'
we liay, A Violation of the Law of Nature, of a' Treaty of
Peace, of one's Oath, cc.-The Law     of Nations. was
violated in the InfuLt offer'd to Mr. S- the. King's Em-
'baflador at Madrid.
The Word is alfo ufed for a Proanation.-In this Senfeo
we fay, to violate a Church, Uc. See PROFANATION.
VIOLENT, in the Schools. A Thing is faid to be vio-
lent, when eiecned by fome external Principle, the Body
that, undergoes it contributing nothing thereto, but firuggling
againfi it.
The Body, in fuch Cafe, is faid to firuggle, by reafon
whatever is Violent, difcompofes and diffraas a thing from
its natural Confliturion, and tends to defiroy it.
,The Schoolmen all allow, that Man, as being endu'd with
Reafon, is capable of fuffering fuch Violence; butrbrute and
inanimate Bodies are not: In 2rutum, &c. Violentun. non
cadit.
VIOLIN, or Fiddle, a Mufical Inftrument, mounted with
four Strings, or Guts; and firuck, or play'd with a Bow.
The Violin confifts, like moft other Infiruments, of tbree
Parts; the Nbeck, the Table, and the Soundboard.
At the Sides are two Apertures, and fometimes a third
towards the Top, lhaiped like a Heart.
Its Bridge, which is below the Apertures, bears up the
Strings, which are raften'd to the two Extremes of the In-
firument; at one 'of them, by a Screw, which firetches, or
loofens 'em at pleasure.
The Style and Sound of the Violin, is the gayeft and moft
fprightly of all other Inftruments; and hence it is of all other
the fitteft for dancing. Yet there are ways of touching1 it,
whichrender it grave, foft, languilhing, and fit for Church
or Chamber Mufick-.
It generally makes'the Treble, or higheft Part in Conforts.
-Its Harmony is from Fifth to Fifth. Its play is compofed
of Bafs, Counter-Tenor, Tenor, and Treble; to which may
be added, a Fifth Part : Each Part has four Fifths, which
rife to a greater Seventeenth.
In Compofitions of Mufick, Violin is exprefs'd' by V: two
V V denote two. Violins.
The Word Violin, 'alone, flands for freble Violin: When
the Italians prefix lto, 7enore, .or S   it then exprefles
the Counter-Tenor, Tenor, or Bafs Violin.
In Compofitions where there are two, three, or more dif-
ferent Violins, they make ufe of primo, fecundo, terzo, or
of the Chara&ers 10 IQ 1110, or IQ 20 30, Ze. to denote
the difference.
The Violin has only four Strings, each of a di aerent thick-
nefs, the fmalleft whereof makes the .Ef mi of the bigheil
Oc6ave of the Organ; the fecond, a ' Fifth below the firilt,
makes the A mi la ; the third, a Fifth below the fecond, ls
D la, re; lafily, the fourth, a Fifth below thethird, is
G re fol.
Moft Nations, ordinarily, ufe the Key G refolion the fe-
cond Line, to denote the Mufick for the Violin; only in
France, they ufe the fame Key as the.firft Line at bottom:
The firft Method is beft where the' Sng goes very lQw, the
fecond where it goes very high.
The Violoncella of the Italians, is properly our Fifth kio-
lin; which is a little Bafs Violin with five or fix Strings.
And their Violone is a Double Bifs, almoft twice aspbigkas
the common Bafs Violin, and the Strings bigger and longer
in proportion; and confequently, its Sound an Oaav lowegr
thap that of our Bafs Violin, which has a noble Ef  i
great Concerto's.
VIPER& , in Natural- Hifory, a kind of Snt,   am
not only for the exceeding Venomoufnefs of its Bite, which
is one of the moil dangerous Poifons 'in' the Animal in
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