ARM


(


which, when filtered and infpiflated, becomes Sal-Arno-
tiac.-But 'tis certain, all the modern Sal-Armoniac is com-
pound and fafitious; confiding of a Mineral, a Vegetable,
and an animal Salt combined together.
Indeed, though there fcarce be any Drug more common
than Sal-Armoniac, the Public has been entirely at a Lofs,
both as to the Place whence it comes, and how it was made;
all we knew fbr certain, was that it came from the Levant,
and was a volatile urinous Salt, penetrated. by an Acid.-
Father Sicard, the jefuite, has at length removed the Veil,
in the Memoirs of the _7ournal de V1rcvoux, for 9ber, 1717.
-This Salt, fays that Father, in a Letter to the Count de
T'boloufc, is made in Egypt, in a fort of Ovens contrived
for the Purpofe, the Tops whereof are perforated with fe-
freral longitudinal Clefts; and on thefe Clefts are laid feve-
ral long-necked Glafa-Bortles, filled with Soot, a little Sea-
Salt, and the Urine of Cattle; well flopped.
This done, they cover them up with a Body of Clay and
Brick, all but the Necks, which lie open to the Air; and
put the Fire in the Oven, which they keep up for 3 Days
and Nights.-The Phlegm of the Materials contained in
the Bottles, being thus exhaled by the Heat of the Fire,
and the acid and alkaline Salts abounding therein, being
thus brought together near the Necks of the Bottles, they
coalefce, harden, and form a whitifh Mafs, which is the
Sal-Arinoniac-It mull be added, that all Soot is not fit
for the Purpofe, but only that exhaling from a fort of Fuel
made of Dung.
Our Chymifs have divers Ways of preparing a Sal-Armo-
niac, in Imitation of this.-The common Way is by putting
one part of common Salt. to five of Urine; to which fome
add half that Quantity of Soot: The whole being put in a
Veffel, they raife from it by Sublimation a white friable fa-
rinacious Subfltnce, which they call Sal-Armoniac.-M. Le-
mery fufpected, that what is imported to us from Abroad,
muft be made after a different Manner; he even concluded
that it was made as our common Salt is, by Lotion, and
Evaporation: In which Sufpicion, it appears from the fore-
going Account, he is far from the Truth.-They purify it
by Diftolution in hot Water; which being filtered, and eva-
porated to a Cuticle, lhoots into a fine white Salt, ufed in
Medicine both as a Sudorific and a Diuretic5 and proving a
good Aperient in all Obfiruc6ions.
There are various Preparations of this Salt, in the modern
Pharmacy; as,
Sublimate of Sal-Armoniac, of like Virtue as the purified.
See SUBLIMATION.-
Volatile Sal Armoniac, made by tubliming the Sal-Adr-
moniac with Salt of Tartar; ufed againfi malignant Fevers
as a Sudorific; as alfo in Pocket Smelling-Bottles.-
Fio'ers of Sal-Armoniac; made of Sal-Armoniac, with
Sea-Salt decrepitated.-Its Vertues are much the fame as
of the Sublimated Sal-Armoniac. See FLOWERS.-
Sometimes, inflead of the Sea-Salt, Iron or Steel are
ufed; which makes what they call Martial Flowers of Sal-
Arnioniac, of a very penetrating and deobflruent Nature,
and recommended in all Kinds of Obflruations, Cachexies,
Jaundice, Dropfies, LEc.
Spirit of Sal-Armoniac-Of this we have various Kinds,
which derive difterent Denominations and Properties from
the different additional Ingredients the Salt is distilled with-
al: As-Spirit of Sal-Ammoniac with rartar, with kipick-
lime; with Amber; with Steel or Iron: Sweet Spirit of
Sal-Ammoniac; Acid Spirit of Sal-Alrmoniac; Diuretic
Spirit of Sal-Armoniac, &c.
ARMOR, or ARMOUR, a defenfive Habit, wherewith
to cover and fecure the Body from the Attacks of an Ene-
my. See ARMS.
Such are the Buckler, Cuirafe, Helmet, Coat of Mail,
Gantlet, &ic. See BUCXLER, CUIRASSE, HELMET, &C.
A compleat Armor antiently confifled of a Cask or Helm,
a Gorget, Cuirafte, Gantelets, Tafres, Braffiets, Cuiffes, and
Covers for the Legs, to which the Spurs were faufened.-
This they called Armour Cap-a-pe5 and was theWear of the
Cavaliers, and Men at Arms.
The Infantry had only part of it, viz. a Pot or Head-
Piece, a Cuirafie, and Takes; but all light.-Laftly, the
Horfes themselves had their Armour, wherewith to cover
the Head and Neck.
Of all this Furniture of War, fcarce any thing is now re-
tained.
The Gallantry of -going to the Battle naked, without any
def-nfive Armour, prevailed fo far, that the French, during
the Reign of Louis XIV. were obliged to be continually iffu-
ing Ordonnances to refirain it; in confequence of which, the
General Officers, and thofe of the Cavalry, were obliged to
refurne the Cuirafre.-
Coat-ARMouR, is the Efcutcheon of any Perfon, or Family,
with its feveral Charges, and other Furniture, as Mantling,
Crecf, Supporters, Motto, Ac. See ESCUTCHEON, CHARGE,
CREST, MANTLING, SUrPORTER, MOTTO, We.
Thus we fay, a Gentleman of Coat-Armour; meaning
one who bears Armis. See COAMT, ARMS, GENTLEM6.N, SC.


140 )


MARM


- ARMORY, or AAMOURY, a Store-boi
a Place wherein military Habiliments are
for Ufe. See ARaMS.
There are Armories in the Tower, and;
See TowER and ARSENAL.
ARMORY is alfo ufed for a Branch of
the Knowledge of CoatArmours, as to ti
various Intendments. See HERALDRY;
Ar1mour, BLAZON, 'eT.
ARMS, ARMA, all Kinds of Weapons,
fence, or Oflince. See WEAroN, DEFEm
The Arms of Offence, are the Sword,
Bayonet, Pike, c. See SwoRD, GUN, @
ARMS of Defence. See under ARMOR .
Fire-ARMs. See FIR E-Arms.
The principal Arms of the antient Bri
chets, Scythes, Lances, Swords, and Buci
ons, &c. brought in the Halbard, Bow, A
&gc.
The Word is formed from the French
Nicod derives from a Latin Phrafe, Ruoi


by reafon they cover the Shoulders, or gides: But
ther to be brought from Arma; which Varro d
A__J.X _n m__ ;f-tI-. h~v


u £crlv, UV y"Utp .a &V4rrUMA&v  ).
'Tis fuppofed that the firfi Arms were of Wood,
were only employ'd againfi Beafls.-That Nimrod, thi
Tyrant, turn'd them againti Men; and that his on
was the firft that waged War; whence, according to I
came the Appellation Pellum.-Diodorus Siculus take
Ins to be the fame with Mars, who firfi train'd Soldie
to Battle.-
Arms of Stone, Etc. even of Brafs, appear to have
ufed before they came to Iron and Steel.
rofecphus aflures us, that the Patriarch _7ofeth firfi
the Ufe of Iron Arms in Egypt, arming the Tree
TPharoah with a Cask and Buckler.
In the Eye of the Law, Atrms, Arma, are extended i
Thing which a Man takes in his Hand in his Wrath, ti
at, or firike another.-So Crompton-Armorum appellasi
ubiqube Scuta @ Gladios g$ Gaeasfignificatf ed W Faj
Lapides.
ARMS of Courte&y, or fPoarade, were thofe ufed i
antient Jule, and Tournaments. See JusT and Tov
MENT.
Thefe ufually were Lances not lhod; Sword     w
Edge or Point; and frequently wooden Swords, or
Canes.
{Pafs of ARMS, was a Kind of Combat in ufe amon
antient Cavaliers. See PAss of Arms.
5Place of ARms, in Fortification, Lqc. See PLAC
Arms.
ARMS, are alfo the natural Weapons, or Parts ol
fence of Beafis; as Claws, Teeth, Tusks of Elepi
Beaks of Birds, Ec. See BILL, TALON, TusK &jc
Some Animals are fixfficiently guarded againft III
mon Dangers by their natural Cloathing, their Arm
of Shells, as the Tortoife, &*. See SHELL, ToRxoIss,
-Others, deflitute of this Guard, are armed with He
others with lharp Quills, or Prickles, as the Porcupine an
Hedgehog; others with Stings, &c. See HORN, STINo1
Aifs are alfo ufed figuratively for the Profellion


Soldier.-Thus we fay, he was bred to A,
ARMs, or ARMoRxEs, are alfo ufed
Marks of Dignity and Honour, regularl
tain Figures and Colours, given or author
and bore in Banners, Shieds, Coats, Cc.
of Perfons, Families, and States. See
SYMBOL, HONOUR, NOBILITY, Wc. fee
They are called AMrms, in regard th
pally on the Buckler, Ciirafte, Bannei
pararus of War.-They. are alfo callec
Coat 4rmouer, &c. becaufe antiently en
coats, Tc. See COAT of Arms, &c.
Some will have the Name to have I
by the antient Knights, who in their
ments bore certain Marks (which we
Miffrefs's Favours) in their Armour, i.
Shield; to diftinguifh them from each
TOuRNAMENT, F{.
Arms make the Subje&l of the Art
HERALDRY and BLAZON.
Three Floxers de ys. in a Field Azuz
France.-The Arms of England are ti
Arms of Great-B'ritain are Quartered tI
England, Scotlaffd, and Ireland. See qu
TERING.
There has been a great Difpute amonE
the Origin of Arms.-Favin will have
from the Beginning of the World; SeA
of Noah; others, fom that of 0/iris,
by fome Pafages in  iodorus Siculus
Times of the Hebrews, in regard Ars
fes, ,7ohua, the twelve Tribes, fDavid, d


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