PEN                                  )                    E
'nvrgranted more than o'nc'e. Tbofe who fell a fecond  The.Penat     fteErpa
         ais~er~hn         i
Tnewere never to be reconciled to the Churcho and were to  comparifoni with
thofe wore by the 1E. Indians, both Men and
look for Pardon only at the Hand'& of God.             Women 5 among
whom 'tis the Fafhion to lengthen out the'
PENANCE, in our Cajion-Law, is an Ecclecfiallical Punilh- Ears, and to enlarge
the Hole, by putting in Pendants of the
ment, chiefly adjudg'd to the Sin of Fornication. The Pu- Size of Saucers,
fet with Stones.
nifhiment is thus prefcribed by the Canons: The Delinquent  The Queen of
Calicut, Pyrard tells, us, andohrLie
to fland in the Church Porch on fome Sunday bare Head and of her Court, have
their Ears, by this Means, weigh'd down as
bare Foot, in a white Sheet, with a white Wand iti the Hand ; low a's t'heir'Breafis,
and even lower; imagining this A main
here bewailing bimifelf, and begging every one to pray for point of Beauty;5
and the Holes large enough to pafs the Fiji
him. Then to enter the Church, falling down, and killing thro'.
the Groundi and at laff, placed on an Eminence in the Middle  The Moncois,
who are the common People, are not allow-
of the Church, againiff the Minifler, to declare the Foulnefs ed to we'ar
their Ears fo long as the Naires who are the No,
of the' Crime, odious to God, and fcandalous to the Congre- bleffe;3 three
Fingers length Ate the utmoft itretch allow'd the
gation.                                                Former.
if the Crime be not notorious, the Canons allow the Pu-  In the W. Indies,
Columbu's named a certain Coafl Ore.,a,
nifhiment to be commuted at the Parties Requeff, for a pecu- by reafon he
found People with Holes in their Ears big enough
niary Mulct, for the Benefit of the Poor, 8ec          to pafs an Egg thro'.
P.ENAT ES, in the ancient Mythology, a Term applied to  They make Holes,
too, in their Lips and Noflrils, and hang
all the Domneflic Gods, whom the An~cients adored in their Pendants at 'em;
which is alfo praais'd by the Afexicans and
Houfes; whence they are ordinarily confounded with the other Nations.
Lares. See LARES.                                        PENDANT, in Heraldry,
a Term applied to the Parts
Authors are not at all agreed about the Origin of the Dfii hanging down from
the Label, to the Number Of 3, 4, 5, or
pen~ates, who were properly the Tutelary Gods of the Trv- 6 at' m~oft: Thefe
mult be Cpecified in Blazoning, when
jans, and were only adlopted by the Romans~who gave 'em the there are more
than three. See LABEL.
Title of Penates.                                        They refemnble the
Drops at the Bottom of the Triglyphs
LeMeirac, in his Notes on DJido's Epifile to .Zneas, rc- in the Doric Fteee
lates; at large what he has met withal in the ancient Writers  PENDNT  Feathers,
in Falconry, are thofe Fe'athers,
,on this subjea: D.ionyflus Halicarnaffa'us tells us that Anzeas which grow
behind the Thighs of an Hawk. See FEATHER.
firfi lodg'd thefe Gods in the City Lavinium;5 and that his  IPENDANTS, among
FlorilIls, a Kind of Seeds, grow-
Son Afcanius, afterwards, upon building'the City Alba, tranf- ing on Stamina,
or Chives ; fuch are thofe in the middle of
lated 'em thither;i but that they returrid twice miraculoufly to Tulips,
Lillies, &c.
Laviniu m. The fame Author adds, that in Rome is ifill   PENDANTS of a Ship,
are of two Kinds.
feen a dark Temple, ihaded by the adjacent Buildings, where-  I. Thofe long
Colours or Streamers, cut pointing out to-
in are the Images of the TFrojan Gods, with the Infcription wards the End,
and there divided into two Parts, and hung
~Denas, which fignifies Penates. See DENATES.          out at the Heads of
the Malls, or at the Yard-arm Ends, are
Thefe Images reprefent two young Men fitting, each-of which called Pendants
5 and ufed for fliew, and fornetines for dif-
holds a Lance. I1 have feen, adds Dl~ionyfius, feveral other tindfion of
Squadrons. See CoLou R, FL AG, &C.
Statues of the fame Gods in ancient Temples;3 who all ap-  II. That Ihort
Rope is called a Pendant, which at one
pear like young Men drefs'd in a Habit of War.         End is faftened to
the Head of the Mlall, or to the Yard, or
Vlarro fetches thefe Penates from Samothrae~e to Phryga  tthClwoteSaanathe
ohrEd, bath a Block
to be afterwards tranfported by .Ineas into Italy.     and Shiver, to reeve
fome running Rope into.
Macrobins, who relates this frbm Parro, adds, that they  Thus, the Pendawt
of the Tackle is madefafl to the Head
were call'd Penates from the Latin Words Per q1nos enitus of the Mafl and
the Pendants of the Back-ftays are faftencd
fpiramus, which feemns a mere Subtilty. The real Etymolo- to, and hang down
on the infide of the Shrouds.
gy mufl bfoughit in the Phr gian, not the Latin Tongue.  All the Yard-arms,
except the Miffen have of thefe Pen-
Rojinus diflinguiffbes among  the Peuzates. He makes dants, into which the
Braces are reev'd.
an Order of Penates of the Heavens ; fuch ds Pallas      PENDENTIVE, in Architedture,
the whole Body of a
in th  Ethria loRegion, 7_Piter in the middle Region, Vault, fufpended out
of the Perpendicular of the Walls, and
an  5nno in th  oel  enates of Cities, Penates of Prvt  bernggif heAcbuat.See
VAULT.
Familiies, &C.                                           1avilr defcribes
it as a Portion of a Vault between the
So that in effed, the CDii _penates were the Guardian or Arches of a Dome,
ufually enrich'd with Sculpture. And
tutelary Gods of every Thing. See Gon.                 Felibien, as the Plain
of the Vault, contain'd between the
Cicero, in Anins Gellius, derive& the Word hence, quioa'pe- double Arches,
the forming Arches and the Ogives. See
nes nos nati flint. Yet, in his Book de Nt  or  efy    OGIVE.
'tis form'd ftrom Pentis, Provifion; or, perhaps adhequd the P~endentives
are ufuaily of Brick, or foft Stone;5 but
.pen~itusainflident. Others fay, quia colfintur ineerans  Care mull be taken
that the Couches ot Beds of Ma-
'Tsapopuar Quefion among the Learned, W'ho were the fonry be always laid
level, and in right Lines proceeding from
Penates of Rome? Some fay Vcj~a, others Neptune and Apol- the Sweep whence
the Rife is taken.
to ; Vives fays Caflor and Pollux, with whom agrees Vof/ins,  The Joints'too
mull be made as fmnal] as poffible, to Cave
who adds that the Reafon of their chufing C'aflor and Pol- the Neceffity
of filling 'em up with Wood, or of ufing much
izix in quality of Penates, might be the important Service Mortar.
they did the Roxans in'the' War againfl the.Latins.      PENDULOUS, han~ging
do~wn; a Name Botanills give
Nor are Authors more unanimous on the Subjedt of the 'Pe- to thofe Flowers
which hang downwards;i the Stalk not being
nites, which lEneas brought into Italy. Some fay they were able to fuflain
'em upright. See FLOWER.
Neptune and Apbollo who built the Walls of T'roy ; others.7u-  PENDULUM,
in Mechanicks, any heavy Body Co fuf-
,piter, quJno, and .Minerva 5 others Ccalvs and fT~rra,  pended as that it
may vibrate, or fwing backwards and for-
PENCIL, an InfIrument ufed by Painters, for the Applica- wards, about fomne
fix'd Point, by the force of Gravity. See
tion of their Colours. See COLouR.                     VI BRATION.
There are Pencils of various kinds, and ,made of various  The Vibrations,
or alternate Afcent and Defcent, of the Pen-
Matters: The moll ufual are of Badgers and Squirrels Hair, duulunm, are call'd
its Ofcillations. See OSCILLATION.
thofe of Swans-down, and thofe of Boars Brifllles which laff  The Point on
which it vibrates, is ca~l'd the Centre of Snj-
are bound on to a Stick bigger, or lefs, according to the Ufes penjion or
Motion. See CENTRE and SUSP'ENSION.
they are deffined for;5 and when large are call'd Blrio/es.  And a right
Line palling thro' the Centre, parallel to
The others are inclos'd in the Barrel of a Quill.   the apparent Horizon,
is call'd the DAeis o] Ocillation.
The Word comes from the Latin, Penicillum, which ficgni- See Axis.'
fies the fame Thing. The Ancients, M. Felibien obferves, had  The Vibrations
of a Pendulum, are all Ifochronal, or ceflcd,
Pencils made of little Pieces of Spunge; whence doubtlecs, in Cpaces0f Timecperfed~y
equal. See ISOCHRONAL.
the Story of' the Painter, who not able to exprefs the Foam  And hence the
-.Pendulnm becomes the moll accurate Chro-
of a Dog, fucceeded by throwing his Slunge at the Pidure.  nometer, or Inftrument
for measuring Time, in the World.
PENCIL-Cadfe. See PORTE-Craion.                      See TIME and CHRONOMETER.
PE NCIL of Rays, in Opticks, is a double Cone of Rays,  And hence alfo its
Vibrations are propofed as an invariable
joined together at hie Bafe;5 one of which bath its Vertex in and univerfal
Meafure of Lengths for the mofl dillant Coun-
fomne point of the ObJedt, and has the Glafs G L, S. (Tab Op- tries and Ages.
See MEASURE.
ticks Pig. 39 )for its Bafe ; and the other has its Bafe on the  For a Vibration
being once found precifoly equal to a Ce-'
fame Glaf~s, but its Vertexc in the point of Convergence ; as at cond of
Time of the Su~ns mean Motion;5 if v. g. the Horary
C. See RAY, F-~c                                       Foot (as M. Hluygens
calls the third Part of his Cecond Pev-
Thus B G SC is a Pencil of Rays  and the Line B 1L C  duklum) con pared to
the Englfh Standard Foot, be as 292 to
is call'd the Axis of t'hat Pencil.                    36o; 'twill be eafy,
by Calculation, to reduce all the other
PENDANT, an Ear-ring, or Ornament, of Comne precious Meafures of the World
to thefe Feet; the Lengths of Pendu-
Matter, wore by the Ladies;5 hung by a Hole made for that lums, reckon'd
from the Point of Sufpenlion, to the Centre of
purpofe thro' the Ear ; and frequently enriched with Dia- the Ball, being
to each other, as the Squares of the~ Times
mond; Pearls, and other precious Stones.                                
                            wherein