RES,                              (xoo+                                 
RES
hrcibiy driven tbrougk tbe pulmonary Vein into the left Ventri- both Lobes
of the Lungs contain 226 folid Inches of
cle of the Heart.  And this, together with the general Corn- one third, or
75 Inches, are fUl of Veflcles.-Lec the D
preflion of the Body by the Weight of the Atmofphere, is that of each Veficle
be T'3 Part of an Inch, the Surface of a 1
Power which caules the Blood to mount in the Veins, after the will be *OOI256,
and the Solidity 0000043, by which S
Force impref'd on it by the Heart, is ent  and which forces we divide 75
(the Space filled by the Veficles) the Qtotin
_!~ ~ ~ ~ ~   ~~~~~et an            which to~r                      C .*oc._
_s  ............._rs-


the Heart itl1et from its natural State of- Contra~oion to that of us 1 7441
~io rotthe N umber of Veficles in both Lobes oi" thq
Dilatation. See HEART.~                                   Lungs.-This Number
multiplied by .o0ox256, the Surface of a
The reciprocal Dilatation and Contra~tion of the fuperficial Di- Veficle
giveq the Sum of the Surfaces of all the~ vexils to wit,
menfions of the Body confequent on Refpiratiox, -are io neceffary z i o6.976
Inc~hes. ,And therefore the, Prefflire upon the Larynx
to animal Life, that there is no Animal how imperfec6t Coever as will. be
to the Preffure upon the whole Surface of the Lungs., as
to want it.                                               0. 19 to 2i906.976;
and coafequently, when in an ordinary Ex-
Though moft Kinds of Fiflits and Infe,'ts want both Lungs piration the Preffure
upon the Larynx is two Ounces, the Pref.
and moveable Ribs, and confequently have no dilatable Thorax, fure on the
whole internal Surfaces of the Lungs will be 14412
yet that Want is made up to them by an analogous Mechlanifmn. Pound Weight;
and the utmofE Force of the Air in Breathing.
Fiflhes, for Iniffance, have Gills which do the Office at Lugs, when the
PreiI're upon the Larynix is fevera Ounces, will be6
receiving and expelling alternately the Water, whereby the Blood  50443 Pound
Weight.
Vefflels fulffr the fame Alteration of Dimenfions as they do in  Th ough
thefe feecm to be prodigious Weights, yet it muft fft11
the Lungs of more perfe&t Animals. See GILLS.             be undetftood,
that the Prcl~ure upon each Part of the, Surface
Infeds having no Thorax, or feparate Cavity for the Heart of the Lungs equal
to the Orifice of the Larynx, is not greater
and Lungs or Air-Vef&1s, have the latter diltributed through the than
it is at the Larynx; and that thefe vaft Weights arik from
whole Trunk of their Bodies; by which they communicate with 'the vaft Extent
of the Surfaces of the Veficles upon which it
the external Air through feveral Spiracles or Vent-Holes, to was necefflry
that the, Blood fhould be fpread in the ftralleft ca-
which are fa~1ened fo many little Trachle or Wind-Pipes, which pillary Vef~cls,
that each Globule of Blood might, as it were, imi-
fend their Bianchecs to all the Mufcles and Vifcera, and feem to  mediately
receive the whole Force and Energy of the Air, and
accompany the Blood-Veffels all over the Body, as they do in the by that
be broke into fmnaller Parts fit for Secretion and Circu..
Lungs only, of the more perfedl Animals. -By this Difpofition, lation.
in every Infpiration, the whole Body of thefe little Animals is in..  And
hence we may learn the mechanical Reafon of the Struc-
flated, and in every Eypiration comprefs'd; confequently the ture of the
Lungs: For, being the whole Blood of the Body was
Blood-Vefflels mufl fuffer a Viciffitude of Extention and Coin- to pafs through
them in order to receive the Effe~t of the Air,
prefflon.                                                 and, that this
could not be unlefs the Blood were diff'ufed in fmall
The only Animal exempted from this neceffity of Breathing, capillary Veffels;i
it was neceffary that the Surfaces upon which
is a Foetus : But this, while inc'luded in the Womb, feemis to they were
to be fpread, Thould be proportioned to their Num-
have little More than a vegetative Life, and ought fcarce to be ber: Which
is admirably well provided for. by the wonderful
reckoned among the Num~ber of Animals: 'Tis rather a Graft Fabrick of the
Lungs.
on, or Branch of the Mother. See FoErus.                    If the Gravity
Of thie Air was always the fame, 'and if the Dia-
The Laws of Refpiration, are of the WaE Importance to a right meter of the
Trachea, and the time of every Expiration were e-
underilanding of the animal OEconomy; for which Teafon' a qual in all;~ this
Weight upon the Lungs would be always the
Computation of the Force of the ref'piring organzs, and of the fame. Bur
fince we find by the Barometer, that there is three
ftrefs and preflure of the Air upon the fame, will not be unc  Inches difference
between the ~greatell and the leaft Gravity of
ceptable.I -J may therefore be oblerved, that by blowing into a- \Jae Air.,
which is a tenth Part of its greateft Gravity; there muft
Bladder, a confiderable Weight will be raifed: by the mere Force of be like
wife the Diffrence of a tenth Part of its Preffure upon
the Breath: For with a Bladder that is oblon, nearly'of~ a cyin-  he  ungs
at one time and another: For the Momenta of all Ba..
drical Figure,. and tied at both Ends, if a Pipe be fixed at one dis moved
with the fame Velocity, are as their Gravities. See
End, and a Weight at the other, and the Pipe faflened al fuch a BAROMETER.
Diftance from the Ground, as jufE allows the Weight to raft up..  This is
a Difference which fuch as are aftbmatic muil be ye-,
on the Ground; the Bladder by an eafy Infpiration will raife Fe- rfeibeo;epcayifwcnidrttthy
lewife breathe
ven Pound Weight, and by the greateft Infpiration of a pretty thicker, that
is, every Expiration is performed in lefs time; -if
throng, Man, twenty eight Pound Weight.                   in half the time.,
and the fa me Quantity of Air drawn be in, th~en
Now, the Force by which the Air entrs this Pipe, is that Force the Weight
of the Air upon the Lungs muft be 57648 Pounds,,
by which it is driven out of, the Lungs; if therefore the Force of which
a tenth Part is 5764 Pounds: And confequently afihma..
by which the Air enters the Pipe can be determined, we lfhall tick People
upon the greateft rife or fall of the Barometer, feel a
have the Force by which the Air is drove into the Trachea.-  difference of
the Air, equal to above one third of its Preffire in
But the Preffure of Air upon the Bladder is equal to twice the ordinary Breathing.
See ASTHMA, WEATHER, & C.
Weight it can raife; becaufe the upper Part of the Bladder be..  Again, if
the Trachea be fmall, and its Aperture narrow, the
ing fixed, it refills the Force of the Air, jaft as much as the Preffure
of the Air increafes in the fame Proportion as if the
Weight at the other End. And again, fince the Air preffes eve- times of Expiration
were flhorter; and therefore a, flhrill Voice is
ry way equally, the whole Preffure will be to that Part of it always reckoned
amongft the prognoftick Signs of a Confuxnp..
whih preires on the Orifice of the Pipe, as the whole Surface don, inafmruch
as that proceeds from the narrownefs of the La.
of the Bladder is to the Orifice of the Pipe; that is, as the Sur- rynx or
Trachea; and confequently increafes the Prefiure of the
face of a Cylinder, whofe Diameter, for iniflance, is four Inches, Air upon
the Lungs, which upon every Expiration beats the Vef-
and Axis feven, is to the Orifice, of the Pipe.           fels fo thin, that
at lall they break, and a fpitting of Blood comesc
Thus, if the Diameter of the Pipe be 0. 28, and its Orifice on apace. See
PHTHISIS.
0. 6i6; the Surface of the Cylinder will be 88. Therefbre, as  RESPITE, REsPEcT'vs,
in Law, &c. a Delay, Forbearance,
88 : o. 6i6  : 14. double the leaft Weight raifed, to o. 098, or Prolongation
of Time, granted any one for the Payment of
which is almoft 2 Ounces; and in raifing the greateft Weight it a Debt, or
the like.
is near 7 Ounces.                                           Menage derives
the Word Refpite from the Latin, re~freaut; as
Thefe therefore are th'i Forces by which the Air is drove defpite from d~eufpfu.-Du
Can~ge will rather have it come from ref..
through the Trachea, in an eafy and a ifrong Expiration.-Now  pirare, to
Breathe; Refpite being, in effeat, a breathing-while,
if we confider the Lungas as a Bladder, and the Larynx as a Pipe; granted
a Debtor, e&c.
the Preffure upon the Orifice of the Trachea, when the Air is  Letters of
RESPITE, or CREDIT, are Infiruments antientl
drove out, will be to the Prefliure upon the Lungs., as the whole granted
by Sovereign Princes to honeft, but unfortunate Debtors,
Surface of the Lungs to the Orifice of the Trachea,       to fcreen them
firom their too rigorous Creditors.
Suppofe, e. ,gr. the Diameter of the Larynx to be 5 ; the Oni-  Thefe Itill
obtain in France.-They, were firit introduced by
fice of the Larynx will be 0. 1 9. And fuppofie the two Lobes Pope Urban
II. in favour of the Croyers, i. e. of Perfons who
of the Lungs to be two Bladders, or Spheres, whofe 'Diameters went to the
Holy War. See CROISES.
are each fix Inches; their Surfices are each II13 Inches, and the  S. Louis
granted three Years Refjpite to all who made the
Preffure on the, Larynx will be to the Preffure upon the whole Voyage of
the Holy Land with hirr.-In~ the .Cuftomary Of
external Surface, as 0. 19 to 2,26, which is as i Pound 1  189; Normandy,
Rejpite is a judicial Delay., or Demur, given to Pro..
and therefore if the Preffure upon the Larynx in an ordinary cedures.
Breathing be two Ounces, the Preffure uponth  whole external  RESPITE of
Homage, is a forbearance of the Homae due
Suface of the Lungs will be 148 Pounds; and th     uttuoft from the VaflU
or Tenant holding by Homages or, byKngt
Force, when the Preffure Upon the Larynx is feven Ounces, Service to his
Lord. See HOMAG4' &C.
will be equal to 5  20 Pound.-But the Lungs are not like an emnp-  Antiently
thofe who held by thefe Tenures, paid a ftnall Sum   ,
ty Bladder, where the Air preffes only upon the Surface;~ fbr they every
fifth Year into the Exchequr tob  etd on  hi
are fill of Veficles, upon the Surface of each of which the Air Homage or
Service.
preffes as it would upon the Surface of an empty Bladder; and  By Stat. i2
Car. II. this Refpite of Homage is takengaway, as
therefore to know the whole Preffure of the Air, we mull deter- a Charge
arifing from Knight-Service; which is thereby likewifie
mine the interna Surfaces of the Lungs.anuld                       SeTE 
   R,&.
To do this, (uppofe that, -, Part of the Lungs is taken up  RESPONDEAT Superior,
a Law Phrafe.-Where the She-
with the Branches of the Trachea, that another third Part the riffi are removeable,
as in London, for Infiifllciency; Refponeat
'Blood-Veffels fIl, and the remainder. is Veficles, where we' fup.. superior,
that is, 'the Mayor and Aldermen are tfo anfwerfb
pofe the chief Preffure upon the Blood-Veflels to be made: Now. tliexn  
See SHERIFF, J:-c.
For