the plant where it was processed. (See
table 6.)
Markets and Prices
The average price, f.o.b. plant, for all
blast furnace slag was approximately
$8.40 per ton, almost 9% more than that
of 1992. (See table 7.) Air-cooled blast
funace slag averaged S.89 per ton,
virtually the same as that in 1992.
However, with the exception of the 1991
data, prices for air-cooled slag increased
year after year since the early 1970's.
Granulated and expanded slag price
infortion  was withheld to avoid
disclosing company proprietary data.
The unit value for steel slag increased
from $3.19 per ton in 1992 to $3.43 per
ton in 1993.
Foreign Trade
Statistics developed by the U.S.
Department of Commerce, Bureau of the
Census, indicated that approximately
162,000 tons of granulated blast furnace
slag was imported during 1993. Ninety-
seven percent of these imports was from
Cand      Sixty-one percent reportedly
entered through Cleveland, OH, almost
39% through Buffalo, NY, and less than
1%  through Savannah, GA.     The
Canadian imports may be expanded or
pelletized slag.
Exports of granulated slag were 3,498
tons.  Sixty-three percent of the slag
exports went to Canada, with the
remaining going to eight other countries.
World Review
A summary was made of blast furnace
slag production in Europe, including
Austria, Belgium, Finland, France,
Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, the
Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,
and the United Kingdom. Approximately
25 million tons of blast furnace slag was
produced. It was estimated that 55% of
this was granulated slag.
Austmla.-Approximately 3 million
tons of iron and steel slag was produced,


about the same as that in 1992. There
were no significant changes in slag
production from 1992 at the iron and
steel production centers in Australia.
About 375,000 tons of blast furnace slags
was used in Australian cements, with
another 500,000 tons used in road
construction and as an aggregate in
concrete.    Slag   production  and
consumption centered around the iron and
steel slag produced by BHP Steel in two
areas in Australia-Port Kembla and
Newcastle.
In the Port Kembla area of New South
Wales was the slag processor Australian
Steel Mill Services (ASMS), a consortium
of Edward C. Levy Co. of Detroit, MI,
and Queensland Cement Co., a wholly
owned subsidiary of Holderbank Co.
Approximately 1.3 million tons of blast
furnace slag was processed into 700,000
tons of air-cooled slag and 600,000 tons
of granulated slag. Approximately 50%
to 60% of both types was used for road
pavements, concrete aggregate, and
cement manufacture.   The rest was
stockpiled. Approximately 500,000 tons
of basic oxygen furnace (bof) slag was
produced, with 100,000 tons used for
road pavements and the rest stockpiled.
Significant progress was made in the
recognition of blast furnace slag as a
heavy-duty pavement material with its use
as a subbase layer for the third runway at
Sydney's major airport. About 300,000
tons of a blast furnace slag mix was
supplied to the project.  Competition
from other aggregates, including mined
aggregate, was intense for this and all
other civil projects in the Port Kembla
area.
BHP announced that it intended to
construct a new blast furnace at Port
Kembla, confirming that the complex
would remain as an integrated unit for the
foreseeable future. The new furnace was
to replace two smaller older furnaces.
The Australasian Slag Association
released a 24-page booklet entitled "A
Guide to the Use of Slag in Roads." The
booklet was published in conjunction with
the State Roads and Traffic Authority as
part of its drive to make greater use of
recycled materials. The booklet also was
endorsed by Vicroads, the Victorian State


roads authority.
In Newcastle, there were three slag
contractors, Boral Quarries, of Boral
Ltd.; Steel Cement, Ltd. (owned mainly
by a consortium of Australian and
Japanese companies); and Steelstone
Services of Australia.  The first two
contractors  produced  approximately
500,000 tons of blast furnace slag; 50%
was air-cooled slag used in road
pavements and construction and 50% was
granulated  slag  used  in  cement
manufacture and road construction. The
latter contractor produced about 200,000
tons of steel slag, of which 50,000 tons
was used for road construction and the
balance was stockpiled.
All blast fiunace slag produced in
Newcastle was used productively in the
marketplace and more could have been
sold if it had been available. Sales were
assisted by the shortage of natural rock
close to the main market area. Small
shipments of granulated blast furnace slag
(gbfs) were exported to Hawaii where its
silicate content was used as a soil
conditioner. Some export sales of gbfs
also were made to Southeast Asia.
The State Roads and Traffic Authority
of New South Wales began to make
extensive use of road pavement material
in the Newcastle region comprising 70 %
basic oxygen furnace slag, 25% blast
furnace granulated slag, and 5% fly ash.
The use of the blast furnace slag mix in
this manner was expected to be expanded.
All of the components in the mix were
byproducts from the BHP steel mill.
Approximately 350,000 tons of blast
furnace slag and 125,000 tons of steel
slag also were produced in Whyalla,
South Australia, but the plant was not
near a significant market, and this slag
was therefore not sold.  Electric arc
furnace slag also was produced in
Melbourne, Victoria, and in Newcastle,
New South Wales.
Blast furnace slag cement marketed in
Australia conformed to Australian
Standard AS 1317. AS 1317 permitted
slag to represent 20 % to 65 % of the total
cementitious content. 10
Belgium.-As in the past, all the
production of blast furnace slag, about


SLAG-IRON AND STEEL-1993




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