SPAIN.                            911

least 60,000 men for the army. It will also yield to the treasury at least
300,000,000 of reals ($15,000,000) on amounts paid for exemption. Con-
trary to expectation, the levy was effected iii adrid without the least
violation of public order. Occasional disturbances occurred in some of
the provincial cities and country populations, but mostly of a very trifling
character, and none of ,very serious nature, except at Granada, where
the Internationalists seized on the occasion to make a transient mani-
festation.
  The Carlists exerted themselves to interrupt the conscription in dis-
tricts of the country open to their incursions, but without producing
any serious effect.
  Since my last reference to this subject the only very important mili-
tary occurrence has been the capture by the*Carlists of the town and
fortress of Seo de Urgel, on the Catalonian frontier of France. By this
capture the Carlists will have obtained possession of a considerable
amount of guns, munitions of war, and other military supplies; and
also of a very advantageous military position in Upper Catalonia.
  In Valencia, Aragon, and Catalonia, as well as in Navarre, the Carlists
continue to range the country at will in all directions, attacking occa-
sionally some of the secondary cities, which, with all the large ones,
maintain adhesion to the government. Of such attacks the most serious
is that now being made for the second time on Puigcerdi.
  Similar attacks on other places have been repelled by the inhabitants
and the forces of the government.
  In most cases where tWe Carlists make such incursions or attacks they
do not act for the purpose of retaining possession of the places assailed;
but. in the first instance, in order to make forcible levies of provisions
and money, and, in the second place, to burn, waste, and destroy.
  In all quarters, wherever they have opportunity, they take special
pains to burn and destroy the civil registers and archives of the little
villages and hamlets subject to their inroads.
  From an early period in the civil war they have exhibited a singular
hatred of railroads, which, at the outset, they destroyed without any
strategic purpose, and in the mere spirit of devastation. Thus it was
that, at an early day, they blew up the bridges and tunnels on that
portion of the Northern Railway, so called, which extends from Miranda
(de Ebro, by Vitoria, Alsasna, Toloso, and San Sebastian, to Irin; that
is to say, lying almost entirely in their own country of Alava and
Guipizcoa.
   At that period, also, they interrupted, from time to time, but capric-
iously and without system, the railroads in Catalonia and Valencia.
  Thus it was that at the time of my coming to Spain traveling by
railroad from Ir'n to Miranda de Ebro was impossible; and it was sub-
ject to frequent interruption in Catalonia, Navarre, and Valencia,
  But the Carlists have recently entered more6 systematically upon the
enterprise of destroying railroads, in the purpose of cutting off 'ommu-
nication between Madrid and all the great northern, northeastern, and
eastern provinces of Spain.
   Thus, at the present time, the railroad from Miranda de Ebro to Iruin
no longer exists; that from Tafalla to Pamplona, and from Pamplona
to Alshisna, has ceased to be practicable. Th~e saimme may be said of the
railways from Valeucia to Tarragona. from L(rida to Barcelona, from
Barcelona to Zaragoza, and from Barcelona to France.
   And the same, also, of the road from Valencia tO Jativa, and even
beyond that in the direction of M~adrid; for, by means of their strength
in the Maestrazgo, the Carlists are able to cut this road when they please