Trump card or theater?: an introduction to two sanctions debates / Neta C. Crawford -- How sanctions work: a framework for analysis / Neta C. Crawford and Audie Klotz -- How arms embargoes work / Neta C. Crawford -- Sanctions and the nuclear industry / David Fig -- Oil sanctions against apartheid / Neta C. Crawford -- The US divestment movement / Meg Voorhes -- disinvestment by multinational corporations / Mzamo P. Mangaliso -- The political economy of financial sanctions / Xavier Carim, Audie Klotz, and Olivier Lebleu -- "Sanctions hurt but apartheid kills": the sanctions campaign and Black workers / Tshidiso Maloka -- Diplomatic isolation / Audie Klotz -- "Not cricket": the effects and effectiveness of the sport boycott / David R. Black -- Cultural boycotts and political change / Nomazengele A. Mangaliso -- Regional dimensions of sanctions / Gilbert M. Khadiagala -- Making sanctions work: comparative lessons / Audie Klotz