Introduction -- 1. China before the war -- Part One: China fights alone, 1937-1941 -- 2. China in the Crucible, 1937 -- 3. The financial emergency, 1937: Self-help and foreign aid -- 4. Trading space for time in 1938: Communications and military aid -- 5. Back-stopping resistance in 1938: The Sinews of War -- 6. The Sino-foreign revenue services and China's credit, 1938-1941 -- 7. Stalemate, 1939-1941: Communications -- 8. Stalemate, 1939-1941: Material and military aid -- 9. Stalemate, 1939-1941: Can the finances hold out? -- 10. The new deal in aid for the currency, 1941 -- 11. A summing up, 1937-1941 -- Part Two: The fourth power, 1941-1945 -- 12. Massive financial injections -- 13. The near siege of China -- 14. Money, supplies, and strategy, 1942-1943 -- 15. A year of discord, 1944: Money matters -- 16. A year of discord, 1944: Material and military aid -- 17. Gold, given and withheld -- 18. The last months of war -- 19. Planning rehabilitation and development -- 20. A summing up, 1941-1945 -- Part Three: Conclusion -- 21. An appraisal -- Appendixes -- 1. The Budget and Inflation -- 2. Foreign Credits and Lend-Lease to China 1937-1945 -- 3. Wartime Gold Sales, Prices, Arrivals, and Stocks in China -- 4. China's proposal for international aid in postwar financial rehabilitation -- 5. Strength of Japanese armed forces, 1937-1945