Preface -- Introduction -- Ethnic music and American band music -- Italian bands and American popular music -- The rise of the ethnic music business, 1900-1920 -- Record companies discover the ethnic groups, 1900-1930 -- Immigrant entertainers fashion their audience -- Hard times and ethnic old-time in the crossover age, 1930-1940 -- Regional crossover bands, I: Texas and Minnesota, 1930-1950 -- Regional crossover bands, II: Wisconsin and Cleveland, 1930-1950 -- Americanized Scandinavian and Polish Bands: New York and the East, 1930-1960 -- Ethnic music becomes popular music, 1940-1960 -- Frankie Yankovic: The Polka King when polka was king -- Epilogue -- Notes -- Bibliographic essay