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Child soldiers : a reference handbook
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- Physical
- Summary
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Overview: In conflict-torn countries such as Myanmar and Uganda, the use of child soldiers in military and paramilitary operations continues to occur despite widespread condemnation and the efforts...
Overview: In conflict-torn countries such as Myanmar and Uganda, the use of child soldiers in military and paramilitary operations continues to occur despite widespread condemnation and the efforts of organizations such as the Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers. This book will allow readers to grasp the impact of this issue for both individuals and nations worldwide. Child Soldiers: A Reference Handbook traces the evolution of child soldiers from approximately 1940 onwards, covering important historical to modern conflicts. The subject is discussed from a global perspective, with particular attention given to areas where the use of child soldiers is most prevalent. The book covers the complex underlying reasons for the continued use of child soldiers in the modern world, examines the political and psychological consequences of using children-both male and female-in military and paramilitary organizations, and describes how this subject has been addressed by international law and various human rights organizations.
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- Creator
- David M. Rosen
- Format
- Books
- Language
- English
- Publication
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- Santa Barbara, Calif. : ABC-CLIO, [2012]
- ©2012
- Series
- Physical Details
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- 323 pages ; 24 cm
- ISBNs
- 9781598845266, 1598845268, 9781598845273, 1598845276
- OCLC
- ocn729344416
- Includes bibliographical references and index.
- Preface -- 1: Background And History: -- Defining the "problem" of child soldiers -- Where are the child soldiers? -- New international problem but a very old situation -- Curbing child recruitment: the problem of armed groups -- Using law to end the use of child soldiers -- First steps: The Geneva Conventions -- Protecting child combatants: the 1977 additional protocols -- Rome statute: setting equal standards -- Child soldiers and international customary law -- Who is a child? -- Straight-18: the human rights position in the convention on the rights of the child -- Moving toward age 18 -- International treaties, children's rights, and the definition of childhood -- Common assumptions about child soldiers -- Assumption 1: Children are vulnerable -- Assumption 2: All child soldiers are abused and exploited -- Assumption 3: Child soldiers are a product of the new barbarism of war -- Role of humanitarian groups and "civil society" -- References -- 2: Problems, Controversies, And Solutions: -- Ending the use of child soldiers: problems and solutions -- Issue of exceptions: wars of national liberation -- Complexities of treaties and international law -- When treaties bind nonsignatories -- Using customary law: the case of Sierra Leone -- Captured child combatants -- Children's rights and the straight-18 position -- Inventing a universal definition of childhood -- Human rights and the realities of international law -- Who is a child? -- International law and local understandings of childhood -- Boundaries between childhood and adulthood -- Civil society and social change -- Child soldiers in cross-cultural and historical perspective -- Who is a child soldier? Expanding the definition -- Putting child recruiters on trial -- ICC: Cases from the Congo and Uganda -- Special court for Sierra Leone: the meaning of recruitment -- Voluntary enlistment or forcible recruitment? -- Local customs international interpretations -- What constitutes enlistment? -- Implications of an expanded definition of enlistment -- Putting children on trial -- Age and the culpability of children -- Wrestling with children's culpability -- Age and culpability in domestic courts -- DDR: disarming, demobilizing, and reintegrating child soldiers -- References -- 3: Special U S Issues: -- Grappling with the child soldier problem: U S achievements and failures -- Recruitment of child soldiers -- United States and the optional protocol -- U S domestic legislation -- Compliance with domestic legislation -- Protection of child soldiers: the United States and the treatment of child captives -- Rules for the treatment of detainees -- Unlawful combatants and the war against terror -- Detaining child soldiers -- Treatment of child soldiers: the legal context -- Presidential orders -- Legal challenges -- Putting child soldiers on trial: U S military commissions -- Case of Mohammed Jawad: tortured for sport -- Omar Khadr: the first child soldier tried since World War II -- Conclusion -- References -- 4: Chronology --
- 5: Biographical Sketches: -- Child soldiers -- al-Akhras, Ayat -- Arafat, Yasser -- Beah, Ishmael -- Bevistein, Abraham (Aby) -- Casabianca, Giancomo -- Clem, John Lincoln -- Cornwall, John Travers -- Dayan, Moshe -- Jackson, Andrew -- Jal, Emmanuel -- Jawad, Mohammed -- Joan of Arc -- Khadr, Omar -- Ladd, Luther C -- Lucas, Jack -- Mackenzie, Clarence -- Murphy, Audie -- Okafor, Ben -- Soldaderas -- Tsam, Herzl Yankl -- Tungwar, Lam -- Yurlova, Marina -- Prominent recruiters of child soldiers -- Dyilo, Thomas Lubanga -- Farhat, Maryam Mohammad Yousif -- Kony, Joseph -- Taylor, Charles Ghankay -- Key figures in the movement to end the use of child soldiers -- Becker, Jo -- Coomaraswamy, Radhika -- Dellaie, Romeo -- Machel, Graca -- Otunnu, Olara A -- 6: Data And Documents: -- Data overview -- International treaties -- Articles relating to the protection of children from the Fourth Geneva Convention relative to the protection of civilian persons in time of war, 12 August 1949 -- 1949 Geneva Conventions Common Article 3 -- Selections from the Third Convention relative to the treatment of prisoners of war, Geneva, 12 August 1949 -- Protocol additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the protection of victims of international armed conflicts (protocol I), 8 June 1977 -- Protocol additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the protection of victims of non-international armed conflicts (protocol II), 8 June 1977 -- Articles relating to child soldiers from the convention on the rights of the child (1989) -- Optional protocol to the convention on the rights of the child on the involvement of children in armed conflict (2000) -- Articles relating to child soldiers from the Rome statute of the International Criminal Court (1998) -- Statute of the special court for Sierra Leone (2000) -- African charter on the rights and welfare of the child (1990) -- Cape Town principle and best practice on the prevention of recruitment of children into the armed forces and demobilization and social integration of child soldiers in Africa (1997) -- International Labour Organization Convention 182 concerning the prohibition and immediate action for the elimination of the worst forms of child labour (1999) -- U S Legislation -- Child Soldier Prevention Act of 2008 -- Child Soldier Accountability Act of 2008 -- Human Rights Enforcement Act of 2009 -- 7: Directory Of Organizations -- 8: Resources: -- Child soldiers: general studies -- Child soldiers: studies of children at war -- Policy and advocacy -- Human Rights reports -- Disarmanment, demobilization, and reintegration -- Child soldiers in history -- Child soldiers and international law: key treaties -- International criminal tribunals -- Child soldiers: legal analyses -- Autobiographies and biographies -- Memorial books -- Child soldiers in fiction -- Film and video -- Podcasts -- Glossary -- Index -- About the author